\u27Shad\u27 Never Made Them Happy: Pandemic and a Dis-abling Educational System - Case of Iran

As the pandemic began, Iran quickly faced the worst outbreak in the Middle East during the winter of 2020. Traditional schools were consequently transferred to an online education without implementing appropriate adaptations, and restrictive policies of low-speed Internet and censorship negatively affected the quality of online education. The situation became even worse for Iranian students with disabilities. The Ministry of Education designed a new application, named Shaad (means happy), which was and remains inaccessible for people with disabilities. This qualitative research study explores the educational challenges of the Iranian students with disabilities during the pandemic. The authors argue physical and attitudinal barriers that Iranian students with disabilities have been systematically grappling with, have, in fact, transformed to an online version. The authors situate the findings in the social and political contexts of the Iranian society, showing how an ableist educational system has dis-abled people with disabilities

Assessing the Satisfaction Level of Rehabilitation Trainers and Students from the Clinical Internship Assessment Checklist

Background: Valid assessment and validation indices are very important to evaluate and teach students, especially in clinical education settings. Considering the fact that rehabilitation science fields have about 1200 h of clinical education, planning of clinical skills training and how to evaluate them is important to improve the quality of education. Due to the importance of clinical skills teaching, clinical logbooks are used in various medical sciences in the world and some of the fields of medical sciences in Iran. This study was conducted to design and evaluate a clinical logbook for rehabilitation fields. Methods: Students [153] and trainers [43] surveys were conducted on how to evaluate clinical units. The clinical training logbooks of reputable rehabilitation universities of the world were studied and clinical activity logbooks for different rehabilitation fields were designed and administered in the clinical education and governance council meetings. Then, the level of satisfaction of trainers and students with the evaluation method was investigated using the logbook. Results: The results of this research showed a significant increase in students’ satisfaction with the assessment of internship and improvement of the quality of clinical education (above 80%) (P=0.02). Content validity results for the questionnaire were above 68% and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 75%. Conclusion: Given the similarity of internship courses throughout Iran, the logbook can be used in rehabilitation fields in the country by discipline to evaluate the clinical dimension of rehabilitation courses

The Benefits of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation in Dry Food Packaging Industry

AbstractThe corporate competitive environment is being liberalized and globalized, therefore the organizations, especially dry food packaging industry, need greater interaction between their stakeholders. One of the problems organizations face to is the segregation of the business functions in an organization. Thus, the business experienced to implement ERP systems for solving this problem. In contrast, the ERP projects have not been effective enough and hence have been unable to achieve all the results envisaged. Therefore, an in depth understanding about the benefits of ERP implementation is needed to ensure the successful system implementation. This study seeks to determine and classify the benefits of ERP system implementation in dry food packaging industry. The methodology of this research comprised of three phases: define the benefits of ERP system implementation from the current literatures, categorize them into strategic, tactical and operational benefits in each business functions in an organization. These ERP benefits are summarized in this paper as a research finding to assist the managers in implementing ERP system successfully

Geflüchtet, be*hindert, vulnerabel? Wie Soziale Arbeit von Betroffenen diskriminierender Verhältnisse lernen und Handlungsfähigkeit (unter)stützen kann

In diesem Beitrag werden Perspektiven skizziert, die einerseits diskriminierende Realitäten abbilden und andererseits Möglichkeiten der Handlungsfähigkeit/Agency von Geflüchteten mit Be*Hinderungen in diesen Bedingungen aufzeigen. Dabei möchten die Autor*innen darlegen, welche Verständnisse von Vulnerabilität und Agency u.E. geeignet sind, die Situation von Geflüchteten mit Be*Hinderungen zu betrachten und welche Gefahr laufen, mehr Schaden als Nutzen herbeizuführen. (DIPF/Orig.

IMPLICATION OF IMAGES FOR DENTAL IMPLANT TREATMENT PLANNING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Abstract. Background and aim: Meanwhile, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has developedrapidly and is now being routinely used for preoperative planning by some implant surgeons. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis, evaluate the Implications for dental implant treatment planning. Method: The search took place between 2010 and 2019. In this study, we first reviewed the abstract of the articles and selected the studies that had the most coordination with our goals, and then we examined the entire text and finally, 4 studies were selected. In addition to reviewing the literature, the results are extracted and enter the meta-analyzer stata14, which summarizes the final results. Result: CBCT observer-based planning gives more homogeneity of treatment plans as compared to the surgical gold standard. Further, complications were predicted better when the planning was based on CBCT images.Conclusion: Hat either PAN or CBCT can be reliably utilized to determine the preoperative implant width.Key words: dental implant, treatment planning, systematic review

An updated systematic review and Meta-analysis of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iran, 1996–2023

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant threat to public health, and the anticipated surge of over 100% in the age-standardized prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iran between 2021 and 2050 underscores the pressing need for focused attention. The rationale for estimating the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Iran becomes even more compelling when considering the potential cascading effects on the healthcare system, quality of life, and economic burden. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and trends of DM from 1996 to 2023 in the Islamic Republic of Iran.MethodsUp to July 2023, without deadlines, the search for appropriate articles in Persian and English. Iranian sources including SID, Magiran, and Element were included in the databases, along with foreign ones like PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Using the JBI quality checklist, the study’s level of quality was evaluated. Version 14 of STATA was used to carry out the statistical analysis. The Dersimonian and Liard random-effects models were used because of heterogeneity. To investigate the causes of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression were utilized. Sensitivity analysis was then carried out to see how each study’s findings affected the final findings. The prevalence pattern over time was also followed using cumulative meta-analysis.ResultsThere were 53 studies in all, with a combined sample size of 1,244,896 people. Men were predicted to have a type 2 diabetes prevalence of 10.80% (95% CI: 9.1–12.4), while women were assessed to have a prevalence of 13.4% (95% CI: 11.6–15.3). Additionally, the prevalence of diabetes was much higher in the 55–64 age group, coming in at 21.7% (95% CI: 17.5–25.0). The anticipated prevalence of diabetes was 7.08% for 1988 to 2002, 9.05% for 2003 to 2007, 9.14% for 2008 to 2012, 15.0% for 2013 to 2017, and 13.40% for 2018 to 2023, among other time periods. Geographically, type 2 diabetes was most prevalent in Khuzestan (15.3%), followed by Razavi Khorasan (14.4%), Qazvin (14.3%), and Yazd (12.6%).ConclusionThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes was estimated at 10.8%, highlighting variations across gender, age groups, and geographic regions that underscore the necessity for specific interventions. These findings advocate for proactive measures, including tailored screening and lifestyle modification programs. The notable temporal increase from 2013 to 2017 signals the need for policymakers and healthcare practitioners to develop effective strategies, anticipating and addressing the potential future burden on the healthcare system.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023437506, identifier: CRD42023437506

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Motivation for Healing Scale in Patients with Cancer

Introduction: This study was conducted to develop and validate a Motivation for Healing Scale (MHS) in Cancer. Methods: in this methodological study, the MHS draft was developed based on the approach of Waltz and colleagues using existing scales and concept analysis. The psychometric features, including face validity (qualitative and quantitative), content validity (qualitative and quantitative), structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factors), and construct validity (convergent and discriminant validity) were assessed. Finally, the reliability was evaluated using internal consistency, and stability. Results: Based on the results of the qualitative phase, an initial item pool was generated with 55 items, Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the data collected from 404 patients. 25 Items were excluded during the psychometric evaluation phases. Reliability assessment and internal consistency assessment revealed that Cronbach’s alpha value of the 25-item MHS was 0.912. The results of intraclass correlation coefficient (0.93, 95% CI: 0.86– 0.96) showed the stability was strong. Conclution: The 25-item MHS is a valid and reliable scale for the assessment of motivation for healing in patients with cancer

Comparison of Auditory Localization Ability between Preschool Bilateral Hearing-Impaired Children and Normal Hearing Children

Background: Sound localization is a valuable skill whose maturation is influenced by auditory experience and is limited by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. No study has assessed auditory localization in bilateral hearing-impaired children (BHIC) aged 5-6 years. The present study aimed to investigate the auditory localization skill in children with moderate-to-severe bilateral hearing loss and using hearing aids compared to their normally hearing peers.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 19 participants aged 5-6 years (60-72 months) with a mean age of 65.31± 3.83 months as the BHIC group and 21 participants aged 5-6 years with a mean age of 60.21±3.02 months as the normally hearing children (NHC) group. The localization ability of both groups was tested in 24 positions with 15-degree intervals by a speaker connected to a laptop and a calibrated speech stimulus named "test." A score of +0.5 for each 15 degrees of error on the right side of the position and -0.5 on the left side of the position were considered.Results: The results revealed a significant difference in the error rates between the two groups in four (out of 24) positions (p<0.05). Differences were not statistically significant in other positions.Conclusion: The BHIC had a defect in the localization skill in some situations. Therefore, localization test and localization training are recommended for these children

Integration of phytotherapy and chemotherapy: Recent advances in anticancer molecular pathways

Cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells, leading to invasion and metastasis to other tissues. Chemotherapy drugs are some of the primary treatments for cancer, which could detrimentally affect the cancer cells by various molecular mechanisms like apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These treatment lines have always aligned with side effects and drug resistance. Due to their anticancer effects, medicinal herbs and their active derivative compounds are being profoundly used as complementary treatments for cancer. Many studies have shown that herbal ingredients exert antitumor activities and immune-modulation effects and have fewer side effects. On the other hand, combining phytotherapy and chemotherapy, with their synergistic effects, has gained much attention across the medical community. This review article discussed the therapeutic effects of essential herbal active ingredients combined with chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer therapy. To write this article, PubMed and Scopus database were searched with the keywords “Cancer,” “Combination,” “Herbal,” “Traditional,” and “Natural.” After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 110 articles were considered. The study shows the anticancer effects of the active herbal ingredients by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, especially with a chemotherapeutic agent. This study also indicates that herbal compounds can reduce side effects and dosage, potentiate anticancer responses, and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs

Epidemiology of substance and opium use among adult residents of Tehran; a comprehensive report from Tehran cohort study (TeCS)

Background: The prevalence and burden of substance and opium use have increased worldwide over the past decades. In light of rapid population changes in Tehran, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of opium and other substance use among adult residents in Tehran, Iran. Method: From March 2016 to March 2019, we utilized data from 8 296 participants in the Tehran Cohort Study recruitment phase (TeCS). We calculated the age-sex-weighted prevalence of substance use and the geographic distribution of substance use in Tehran. We also used logistic regression analysis to determine possible determinants of opium use. Result: We analyzed data from 8 259 eligible participants with complete substance use data and the average age of participants was 53.7 ± 12.75 years. The prevalence of substance use was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6- 7.1%). Substance use was more common in males than females (Prevalence: 10.5% [95% CI: 8.6- 12.6%] vs. 0.5% [95% CI: 0.2- 1.2%], respectively). The age-sex weighted prevalence of substance use was 5.4% (95% CI: 4.6-7.1%). Moreover, opium was the most frequently used substance by 95.8% of substance users. Additionally, we found that male gender (Odds ratio [OR]: 12.1, P < 0.001), alcohol intake (OR: 1.3, P = 0.016), and smoking (OR: 8.5, P < 0.001) were independently associated with opium use. Conclusions: We found that the prevalence of substance use in Tehran was 5.6%, and opium was the most frequently used substance. In addition, male gender, lower levels of education, alcohol, and tobacco consumption are the main risk factors for substance use in Tehran. Healthcare providers and policymakers can utilize our results to implement preventive strategies to minimize substance use in Tehran