Laser Therapy in Lumbar Disc Surgery : A Narrative Review

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most chronic debilitating conditions involving considerable loss of cash, work, and quality time. Lasers are utilized in different fields of drugs, providing unique advantages. They are useful and advantageous in treating lumbar disc disease. In this research, an attempt is made to examine the role and importance of different lasers in lumbar disc surgeries.Methods: We conducted studies about laser therapy in lumbar disc surgery. Our primary search began with reviewing English-language citations from PubMed and Scopus between 1990 and 2019 using the keywords: (laser therapy) OR (lumbar disc AND disc surgery). The initial search yielded 97 articles. However, about 49 articles were selected and used in the present study.Results: Based on the present study, it can be found that there are several methods of using lasers to treat lumbar disc surgery. These methods all have their strengths and weaknesses.Conclusion: The development of laser lumbar disc surgery can be very helpful due to the reduction of surgical risks and the length of the patients’ hospital stay. However, the choice of method used for this type of surgery should be made according to the patient’s condition and based on the opinion of the treating physician

ニゲンゴ ジテン ニ オケル ヒンシ ヒョウジ ノ モンダイテン ヒンシ ヒョウジ ノ ゲンジョウ ト ソノ ヒツヨウセイ ニ ツイテ

The present paper focuses on the section in dictionary entries that gives the word class or part of speech of the headword. It first reviews the previous studies done in the field of lexicography on presenting the word class in dictionaries, then focuses on word class in Japanese, and introduces its major issues. This paper also reports a survey done by the authors to investigate the approach taken by existing bilingual dictionaries to deal with the problems of presenting the word class in Japanese dictionaries. This study analyzes the solutions provided by these dictionaries based on the needs of Japanese language learners. Finally, based on the survey, this paper makes concrete suggestions on how a Japanese learners' bilingual dictionary should present information on the word class of its headwords.論

Design and implementation of an improved power-electronic system for feeding loads of smart homes in remote areas using renewable energy sources

Abstract This paper suggests an improved step‐up step‐down DC‐DC system along with three‐input and four‐output for smart home applications. In this configuration, two unidirectional power ports have been identified as an Input power supply and one bidirectional power port for the power‐saving element, which can be used as a bidirectional converter for the hybrid vehicle to discharge in a dependent structure. This system can be used to combine renewable energy sources like photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell, battery and hybrid vehicle (HV) to prepare power for remote smart homes. By using this system, serving different loads with different voltage range from high voltage to ultra‐low voltage is possible, also battery charge and discharge with the energy‐saving method can be achieved. In this system, the condition of all possible low‐voltage load and high‐voltage load conditions has been assumed. In this structure, nine power switches have been used, in which all of these switches are in control with independent and dependent duty cycles. By using these cycles, maximum power can be earned from PV sources, bus‐bar voltage regulation, and battery power control is possible too. In this topology, depending on environmental conditions, five scenarios have been identified. To prove the capability of the system before the build, some valid simulations are needed. In this study, the suggested system has been simulated with power system computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC)

Comparison of Lidocaine-triamcinolone Injection with and without Magnesium Sulfate in Ankle Joint Osteoarthritis

Background: Currently available pharmacological therapies for osteoarthritis mainly target palliation of pain and include analgesics, intra-articular therapy, and topical treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the concomitant use of magnesium sulfate in addition to a combination of triamcinolone and lidocaine. Methods: To evaluate the changes in pain factor levels, sixty patients with ankle osteoarthritis were randomly divided into two control (Triamcinolone + Lidocaine) and intervention (Triamcinolone + Lidocaine + Magnesium sulfate) groups (n= 30, each group). In both groups, patients were injected with 80 mg triamcinolone and 0.5 cc of 2% lidocaine, while in the intervention group, 500 mg of magnesium sulfate was added to the injecting solution, and in the control group, an equivalent volume of 0.9% normal saline was added to the injecting solution. Patients were monitored after one week and one month and each completed the visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) pain score questionnaires in addition to their demographic characteristics. The results were evaluated based on the design of the questionnaire and data were analyzed employing SPSS software, version 21, and using independent ttest. Results: AOFAS and VAS scores were significantly different between the intervention and control groups within one week after treatment (p value= 0.018) but AOFAS and VAS scores after one month were not significantly different. Conclusion: Using magnesium sulfate was effective in controlling the pain caused by ankle osteoarthritis at short intervals

イラン ニ オケル ニホンゴ ガクシュウシャ ノ ジショ カツヨウ ト ソノ ニーズ チョウサ

The present paper reports a survey conducted among 250 learners of Japanese language in Iran. The aim of the survey was to study the Iranian users of Japanese dictionaries and their preferences, behaviors and habits concerning dictionaries. The participants of the study were from various groups with different backgrounds, and the results revealed that most Japanese learners in Iran are frequent users of dictionaries. The most frequently used dictionaries are Japanese-English bilingual dictionaries, although a large group of users are using them only because they do not have access to appropriate Japanese-Persian dictionaries. Besides, it seems that many learners do not use Japanese-Persian dictionaries because they provide inaccurate and inadequate meanings and equivalents, they do not have electronic versions and they are out of date. The findings of the survey also showed that most learners are highly dependent on their smartphones and some of them would not use any other dictionaries if they do not have smartphone application versions. The results of the study also revealed that a large group of learners do not have enough knowledge and skills about dictionary use and need explicit training on dictionaries as a part of their language learning process.論

Effect of sono-guided fascia iliaca block versus spinal anesthesia on tourniquet pain during foot and ankle orthopedic surgery

Introduction: The pneumatic thigh tourniquets are routinely used in below knee orthopedic surgeries to provide a bloodless operative field. Moderate to severe thigh pain following tourniquet inflation is a common patient complaint that can be so severe that necessitate general anesthesia. In the present study, we assessed the effectiveness of a single dose fascia iliaca block on thigh tourniquet pain during unilateral orthopedic foot and ankle surgery performed under popliteal sciatic nerve block. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of spinal anesthesia and fascia iliaca block. Spinal anesthesia was provided with 15 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Fascia iliaca and popliteal blocks were performed under the guidance of ultrasound using 30 ml of 1.5% lidocaine and 20 ml of lidocaine 1.5% with epinephrine 1:200000, respectively. Results: Intraoperative tourniquet pain and the use of analgesics were significantly higher and patient satisfaction was significantly lower in the fascia iliaca block group than in the spinal anesthesia group. Conclusion: Fascia iliaca block alone was inadequate for relieving thigh tourniquet pain during surgery. However, for patients who are not suitable for spinal or general anesthesia, it can be used with supplementary intravenous analgesia for tolerance of thigh tourniquet in foot and ankle surgeries performing under popliteal sciatic nerve block