Beamforming in Wireless Networks

This chapter is about the beamforming approach in wireless 5G networks, which involves communication between multiple source-destination pairs. The relays can be multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and/or distributed single-input single-output (SISO), and full channel state information of source-relays and relay-destinations are assumed to be available. Our design consists of a two-step amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol. The first step includes signal transmission from the sources to the relays, and the second step contains transmitting a version of the linear precoded signal to the destinations. Beamforming is investigated only in relay nodes to reduce end user’s hardware complexity. Accordingly, the optimization problem is defined to find the relay beamforming coefficients that minimize the total relay transmit power by keeping the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of all destinations above a certain threshold value. It is shown that this optimization problem is a non-convex, and can be solved efficiently

Anti-proliferative effect of the extracts and essential oil of Pimpinella anisum on gastric cancer cells

Introduction: One of the most important fields to find the new drugs for combating cancers is herbal medicine and in this regard, attention to plant components against cancer has been increased nowadays. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of alcoholic extracts and essential oil of Pimpinella anisum on viability of gastric cancer cell line (AGS) and angiogenesis of HUVEC cells . Methods: The alcoholic extracts and essential oil were obtained by soxhlet and Clevenger set, respectively. The viability of cells which treated with the extracts and the essential oil were assessed by MTT assay. In vitro tube formation assay was performed to assess the effect of the extracts and essential oil on angiogenesis potential of HUVEC cells. Results: The growth of AGS cells was inhibited by extracts and essential oil of Pimpinella anisum. Furthermore, the extracts and essential oil had inhibitory effects on the angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. The ethanolic extract inhibited cell proliferation of the AGS cells in 30 µg/mL at 48 hours after treatment but it had no significant effect on fibroblast cells. The inhibitory effect of methanolic extract was much better than the ethanolic extract at the same concentrations. The essential oil of the plant had the highest inhibitory effect on cancer cells compared with the alcoholic extracts. Conclusion: Therefore, our results showed that the alcoholic extracts and essential oil of Pimpinella anisum have antiprolifertion properties on gastric cancer cells and could be used as plant-based cures for gastric cancer

Layer-by-layer disentangling two-dimensional topological quantum codes

While local unitary transformations are used for identifying quantum states which are in the same topological class, non-local unitary transformations are also important for studying the transition between different topological classes. In particular, it is an important task to find suitable non-local transformations that systematically sweep different topological classes. Here, regarding the role of dimension in the topological classes, we introduce partially local unitary transformations namely Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) disentanglers which reduce the dimension of the initial topological model by a layer-by-layer disentangling mechanism. We apply such disentanglers to two-dimensional (2D) topological quantum codes and show that they are converted to many copies of Kitaev's ladders. It implies that the GHZ disentangler causes a transition from an intrinsic topological phase to a symmetry-protected topological phase. Then, we show that while Kitaev's ladders are building blocks of both color code and toric code, there are different patterns of entangling ladders in 2D color code and toric code. It shows that different topological features of these topological codes are reflected in different patterns of entangling ladders. In this regard, we propose that the layer-by-layer disentangling mechanism can be used as a systematic method for classification of topological orders based on finding different patterns of the long-range entanglement in topological lattice models.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PR

Mathematical modeling for facilitated transport of Ge(IV) through supported liquid membrane containing Alamine 336

A mathematical model was developed for the germanium facilitated transport from a medium containing tartaric acid using Alamine 336 as a carrier. Modeling was carried out based on the extraction constant (Kext) obtained from the liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) modeling. The LLX data was achieved from experiments with conditions being Alamine 336 concentrations of 0.1-10 %v/v from a solution containing about 1.378 mmol/L Ge (100 mg/L) and tartaric acid as an anionic complexant. The LLX model was attained using the equilibrium-based procedure and fitted to extraction experimental data for various carrier concentrations. This model presented an accurate extraction constant (Kext=0.02) used in the facilitated transport modeling. The flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) experiments were conducted in the condition of 1.378 mmol/L Ge (100 mg/L), tartaric acid concertation of 2.760 mmol/L, 1 M HCl as a stripping phase and various Alamine 336 concentrations in the range of 0 to 35 %v/v. The FSSLM model was developed according to the Fick’s law, the diffusional transport, and equilibrium equations. According to the model, mass transfer and diffusion coefficients for various concentrations of the carrier were found. In addition, the calculated and experimental values had a good correlation with together showing the validity of the model. This model can be used in the further process simulation such as hollow fiber SLMs.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

The effects of controlled language processing on listening comprehension and recall

This study seeks to determine the possible interactions between listening proficiency and the state of strategic self-awareness; second, and more importantly, to investigate the effects of learned strategies on listening comprehension and recall; and finally to describe the most common real-time listening comprehension problems faced by EFL learners and to compare the differences between learners with different listening abilities. After ten training sessions, an assessment was made to see whether or not well-learned strategies could provide students with ample opportunity to practice the comprehension and recall processes. The analyses of the data revealed the causes of ineffective low-level processing and provided insights to solve the problems of parsing. Moreover, the study reveals that explicit instruction of cognitive and metacognitive strategies is needed if a syllabus wishes to help learners improve their listening comprehension and become more-proficient at directing their own learning and development as L2 listeners

Effect of Fiber Angel of Unidirectional Longitude Fiber on Transverse Strength of Pultruded Polyester Rod

In this research by using a new technique which is named, Rotational Pultrusion, angular entrance of uni-directional (UD) fibers directly into the process was successfully reached. E-glass/polyester rods’ samples pultruded with different fiber angles and testing them with three points bending. The test showed that with an increase in UD fiber angle, toward pultruded rod direction, finally the modulus and strength on transverse direction were increased