Detailed Thermal Characterization on a 48V Lithium-Ion Battery Pack during Charge-Discharge Cycles

This study experimentally investigates the temperature distribution and behavior of a 48V Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) battery pack during two charge-discharge cycles using 25 thermocouples. Results indicate that better convective heat transfer occurs at the external surfaces of the pack, while middle cells reach maximum temperatures. Differences are also observed in the behavior of the three modules. The discharge cycle shows a temperature rise of 5.8{\deg}C with a pack temperature gradient increasing from 1.3{\deg}C to 2.7{\deg}C. The study highlights the importance of assessing the thermal behavior of each module and the complexity of the Li-ion battery pack system. Findings on the battery cells, modules, and pack in the same study can provide valuable insights for designing efficient cooling systems for Li-ion battery packs.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

A survey on the impact of the training period on empowering management team: A case study Saipa Group

Having reliable and skilled employees are essential component of any organization. Employees are considered as intangible assets for most organizations and they are the primary source of making value added decisions. On the other hand, a learning organization is capable of making continuous improvement and survives in today’s competitive environment. The proposed study of this paper considers whether training programs could empower employees who were working as managers for Saipa Group Company, a well-known automaker in Iran. The study concentrates on those employees who participated in master program in one of educational organizations in city of Tehran, Iran. 178 managers attended this program representing approximately 70% of total managers. The results of our survey have indicated that while training programs have created meaningful sense and help them have a better sense of efficacy it has not created any feeling of competence or building feeling of self-organization. The survey also concluded that training programs could increase the level of meaningful sense and the feeling of competence. In addition, the results indicate that training programs could increase employees’ self-organization as well as efficacy characteristics

Investigation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Estuarine Sediments of Important Rivers in The Southern Part of The Caspian Sea

In order to study the concentration of heavy metals in important rivers in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, samples were collected in three upstream points, estuary and depth of 1 to 10 m of the sea, a surface sediment sample and a core sample. Granulation analysis, organic matter assay, and determination of heavy metal concentrations were performed on each sample. The highest concentrations of iron (45000 ppm), aluminum (74000 ppm), chromium (142.78 ppm), cobalt (33.67 ppm) and lead (56.70 ppm) in Ramsar, arsenic (18.45 ppm) and Zinc (110.3 ppm) was observed in Gorganrood river, nickel (60 ppm) in Qarahsu river and copper (52.63 ppm) in Sefidrood. Moreover, the lowest concentration of elements in the core of Gorgan Bay (K5) and a depth of 85 cm with an approximate age of 1400 years was obtained, which was used as the baseline reference. Based on the contamination degree (Cd) index, three rivers of Babolrood, Cheshmeh Kileh and Sardabroud were classified in the range of moderate contamination and Gorganrood, Qarahsoo, Tajan, Ramsar and Sefidrood rivers were classified in the area of ​​significant contamination. Based on the modified contamination degree index (mCd), all rivers were in the range of low to medium contamination degree, and pollution load index (PLI) was in the range of more than 1 (slightly polluted to polluted) at most stations. In terms of ecological risk index (RI), rivers were in the low-risk range. Enrichment index (EF) in sediments of estuarine sections showed that the rivers are probably enriched by various factors such as geology, climatic conditions, and human factors having moderate to severe pollution

Variant complex chromosome translocation with chronic

A large number of simple or complex translocation involving the CML and AML chromosomal abnormalities has been described. This study was aimed to investigate the complex chromosome aberrations in the series of myeloid malignancies including CML and AML. The present report deals analyzed 187 consecutive with CML and AML patients, using Methotrexate  cell synchronization and  un-stimulated cultures of   cells to determine the incidence of chromosomal aberrations and association of complex variant chromosome anomalies according to  French American British morphological subtypes. The results revealed an abnormal karyotype with a novel complex translocation involving chromosomes 1,2,4,9,11,22.  Complex variant translocations   were found in two cases of AML and two cases of CML. The present reports provides sufficient grounds for assuming that a chromosomes involving of complex abnormalities  plays an important  role in the development of malignancy.

The structure Biology and Application of Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in Phytomedicine: With special up-to-date references to lectins

Lectins first discovered more than 100 years ago in plants, they are now known to be present throughout nature. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the lectin extract from the red kidney bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris), contain potent, cell agglutinating and mitogenic activities. They play a role in biological recognition phenomena involving cells and proteins towards medical applications. The present article is a brief review of the history of lectin in nature.  By reviewing the web-based search for all types of peer review articles published, was initiated using ISI web of Sciences and Medline / PubMed, and other pertinent references on websites about lectins. Here, we present a brief account of 100-plus years of lectin research and show how these proteins have become the focus of intense interest for biologists and in particular for the research and applications in medicine. Phytohemagglutinin, has been widely used for mitotic stimulation to human lymphocytes, cell arrest, or apoptosis, potential sources for developing novel  pharmaceutical preparation    and intensive interest for health care services, biologist and phytomedicine  research can be considere

Smart Power Grid Synchronization with Nonlinear Estimation

Grid synchronization is a critical concern for proper control of energy transfer between the Distributed Power Generation Systems (DPGS) and the utility power grid. Nonlinear estimation techniques are proposed to track the voltage magnitude, phase angle, and frequency of the utility grid. Instead of directly analyzing in abc coordinate frame, the symmetrical component is employed to separate the positive, negative, and zero sequences in the transformed AlphaBeta stationary coordinate frame. By using the Fortescue's Transformations and Clarke's Transformation, the number of system state variables is reduced to five. The results show that our proposed nonlinear estimation technique is efficient in smart power system synchronization. The MATLAB simulation studies have been conducted to compare the performance of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the Particle Filter (PF), and the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Computer simulations have shown that the efficacy of our proposed nonlinear estimation methods. It also shows that the Unscented Kalman Filter, and the Particle Filter are better estimators, because voltage synchronization problem is nonlinear, and linearization process which the Extended Kalman Filter is based on is not very accurate. The number of particles in Particle Filter can be increased to improve the accuracy, but there exists a trade off between computational effort and estimation accuracy. In our research, considering the same amount of computational complexity, we calculate the Mean Square Error (MSE) to examine the performances of different nonlinear estimation approaches. By comparing the MSE of different estimators, we prove that the Unscented Kalman Filter shows the most accurate performance in voltage synchronization for three phase unbalanced voltage. Our results have shown the potential applications of the nonlinear estimation techniques in the future smart power grid synchronization