Interaction of fish density and background color effects on growth performance, proximate body composition and skin color of common carp, Cyprinus carpio

This study was carried out to evaluate the combined effects of three stocking densities and two tank colors on growth, body composition and skin coloration of common carp (1.41±0.05 g). Fish with low (LD: 20 specimens/tank or 0.70 g/L), medium (MD: 40 specimens/tank or 1.41 g/L) and high (HD: 80 specimens/tank or 2.82 g/L) densities were reared in two tank colors (black and white) for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, density recorded 2.45 g/L and 7.00 g/L at low and high densities treatments, respectively. The final weight and specific growth rate of the fish at LD treatment were significantly higher than those of MD and HD treatments. The highest weight (4.90±0.44 g) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.21±0.13) were obtained for the LD fish treatment reared in the black tanks. Rearing density has a significant effect on the fish body total protein content, but the tank color had no effects on this factor. The fish body lipid content in the white tanks and high density was significantly higher than other treatments. Significant interactions between tank color and rearing density were observed for the fish body protein, fiber and dry matter. The fish skin color was considered by three factors: L*, a* and b*. The results showed that black color had a negative effect on the fish skin color indices. Brightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values of the fish skin in the white tanks were higher than those of the black tanks. In the present study, tank color and rearing density significantly affected growth and feed performance of common carp, while no combined interaction was found between the two factors examined

Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on cytokine‐ and antioxidant‐related gene expressions in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling during ammonia toxicity

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The effect of short-term food deprivation and re-feeding on the resistance of juvenile Caspian roach, Rutilus caspicus to the salinity of the Caspian Sea: growth performance, stress indices and immune response

This study was performed to evaluate the ability of juvenile Caspian roach Rutilus caspicus (1.4 ± 0.018 g) to acclimate to the salinity of the Caspian Sea by the direct transfer method with short-term starvation and re-feeding periods within 60 days. So, 450 juvenile fish were randomly distributed into 5 groups: three groups were deprived from feeding for 3, 5 and 7 days (3S, 5S and 7S). They were then re-fed for 10 days and this cycle was repeated during 46 days. Forth group were unfed during the whole experimental period (S) and fifth group were continuously fed (F or control group). All fish after the starvation-refeeding in freshwater were directly transferred to the Caspian Sea water for 14 days, and staved during this period. Growth performance were evaluated for all of the experimental treatments. Some of stress indices (osmolality, cortisol and glucose) and immune response (total immunoglobulin and lysozyme) concerning to the alternative nutritional periods and abrupt salinity elevation were measured in fish blood. The highest and lowest fish growth performance were obtained in F and S groups, respectively. Osmolality and lysozyme activity were not statistically significant between F, 3S and 5S groups. Total immunoglobulin was significantly increased in 5S (31.50 ± 0.99 mg/g). The highest cortisol and glucose concentrations were obtained in groups 7S and S compared to the other experimental groups. The results showed that, not only the juvenile roach with the short-term feed deprivation periods in 3S and 5S groups were not affected by physiological stress due to starvation and increased salinity, but also their growth performance enhanced because of living in iso-osmotic environment of the Caspian Sea

Assessment of stylohyoid ligament in patients with Eagle’s syndrome and patients with asymptomatic elongated styloid process: A cone-beam computed tomography study

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study was performed to evaluate and compare the calcification patterns of the stylohyoid ligament in Eagle’s syndrome (ES) patients, and asymptomatic patients with elongated styloid process (SP) via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: A total of 52 CBCT images in two symptomatic (ES) and asymptomatic groups (n = 26 per group) were assessed. The mean length and thickness of the SP, morphology, and pattern of calcification between the two sides in each group and between ES and asymptomatic groups were compared. The t-test was used for comparison. Fisher exact and chi-square tests were used to determine the relationship between different types of calcification pattern and morphology. The level of significance was considered at P < 0.050. RESULTS: The SP was thicker in the ES group than the asymptomatic group. However, the styloid length showed no significant difference among the ES and asymptomatic groups. The most common pattern of calcification in both groups was partially calcified with no significant difference between the two study groups. The most common morphology in the asymptomatic and ES groups was “segmented” and “elongated,” respectively. CONCLUSION: The morphology and thickness of the SP showed a significant difference between the ES and asymptomatic groups. This can be helpful in differential diagnosis of facial, pharyngeal, and tonsillar pain. KEYWORDS: Eagle Syndrome; Elongated Styloid Process Syndrome; Cone Beam Computed Tomograph

Efficacy of using Sanyar prebiotics in biofloc environment: Evaluation of production performance, water nitrogen compounds, hematological and metabolic responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio

The study was performed to find out the potential effects of Sanyar prebiotic on production performance, water nitrogen compounds, blood and metabolic parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio reared in a biofloc system. 324 fingerlings (average weight 10.09 ± 0.45 g) were stocked in eighteen 35-L tanks (18 fish in each tank). After 10 days of adaptation to laboratory conditions, six experimental groups were tested for 60 days including: control group without additive with clean water (C), control group without additive with floc (FC), floc groups with 0.1 and 0.2 g (FP1 and FP2) prebiotic powder and floc groups with 1 and 2 mL (FL1 and FL2) liquid prebiotic per 100 g of basic diet. At the end of the experiment, FP1 group exhibited significant increase in final biomass weight, final density, and protein efficiency ratio and decrease in feed conversion ratio in comparison with the other groups. Total water ammonia nitrogen was reduced in the C group compared to the FC. Serum urea and creatinine levels increased significantly in the FC group compared to the other experimental groups. ALT, AST and ALP enzymes were significantly increased in groups C and FC compared to the groups fed with Saynar prebiotic. The highest number of red and white blood cells was obtained in FL1 and FC groups, respectively. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FP1 (0.1 g Sanyar prebiotic per 100 g of basic diet) can be potentially used as health enhancer in common carp reared under biofloc system

The effects of a mixture of nano selenium, vitamin C and E on growth indices, liver enzymes and nonspecific immune response in juvenile Huso huso

In this study, the effects of mixture of dietary nano-selenium, vitamin C and E on growth indices, liver enzymes and nonspecific immune response of juvenile Huso huso were investigated. One hundred and twenty individuals juvenile Huso huso with average weight of 77.77 ± 2.3 g were fed with four diets including treatment A (TA by adding 0.1, 30 and 100 mg/kg), treatment B (TB by 0.2, 60 and 200 mg/kg), treatment C (TC by 0.3, 90 and 300 mg/kg) and control group (without adding nano-selenium, vitamin C and E) for 10 weeks. At the end of the rearing period, blood samples were taken from fish to evaluate liver enzymes and immune system indices. No significant differences were observed in growth indices, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio (p>0.05). The lowest activities of ALT and AST were found in TA and TB (p>0.05). However, IgM and ACH50 levels were significantly higher in TB and TA than in control group, respectively (p<0.05). The results of this study indicated that the addition of a mixture of nano-selenium, vitamin C and E in TA and TB enhanced nonspecific immune system in juvenile Huso huso

The evaluation of position and degenerative changes of condyle in CBCT radiography

 Background: Incomplete understanding of the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), its function and physiological changes, has led to diagnostic mistakes. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the position and bone changes of condyle using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Conclusion: Twenty-eight patients who had CBCT images of TMJ joints of both sides and had referred with signs of temporomandibular disorder to a private radiology center in Mashhad were enrolled. The location of condyle in the joint socket in closed mouth position in maximum intercuspation based on measurements of the superior, posterior, and anterior spaces of the joint, and bone changes of the condyle were studied. Of the 28 patients, most (89.3%) were female. The horizontal dimension of the CBCT images of 2.3% of patients was in the normal range and 97.7% were abnormal. The condyle’s position in the vertical dimension was normal in 40.9% of patients and abnormal in 59.1%. The most prevalent position of the condyle in horizontal dimension was the posterior position (79.5%). Increased superior joint space was the most prevalent position of the condyle in vertical dimension (54.5%). At least one type of bone changes was seen in 67.9% of patients. In evaluating condylar bone changes the frequency of flattening, erosion, osteophyte, sclerosis, absorption, and Ely cyst was 46.6%, 25%, 14.3%, 7.1%, 5.3%, and 3.6%, respectively. Clinical Significance: The most prevalent condyle position in horizontal dimension was posterior. In evaluation of bone changes of condyle, the highest frequency was related to flattening and the lowest was Ely cyst.

The survival rate of patients with beta-thalassemia major and intermedia and its trends in recent years in Iran

OBJECTIVES Thalassemia is a common genetic disease in Iran, especially in the north and south of Iran. The present study sought to determine the survival rate of patients with thalassemia in highly endemic regions of Iran and its variation in patients born before and after 1971. METHODS The present historical cohort study extracted data from the health records of patients with beta-thalassemia major, beta-thalassemia intermedia, and sickle beta-thalassemia who had presented to thalassemia treatment centers in the past years. The collected data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier test, the log-rank test, and the chi-square test. RESULTS Of the total of 5,491 medical records (2,647 men and 2,634 women; mean age, 23.81±11.32 years), 3,936 belonged to patients with beta-thalassemia major, and 999 and 89 to patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia and sickle beta-thalassemia, respectively. In 467 cases, the type of thalassemia was not clear. The cumulative survival rate was calculated as 0.92, 0.83, 0.74, and 0.51 by ages 25, 35, 45, and 55, respectively. The hazard ratio of death was 4.22 (p<0.05) for beta-thalassemia major and 0.77 for beta-thalassemia intermedia (p=0.70). It was calculated as 1.45 for men patients and as 3.82 for single patients. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed relatively high survival rates in patients with thalassemia. The survival of patients was unfavorable in poorer regions (Zahedan and Iranshahr). Factors including women gender, a higher level of education, being married, and living in metropolises decreased the risk of death at younger ages and improved survival

Investigating on Hydrodynamic Behavior of Slotted Breakwater Walls Under Sea Waves

Breakwater walls are buildings that are built to prevent the collapse of the soil or other granular materials and the safety of the sea. One of the destructive phenomena in these structures is the impact of sea wave forces on the overturning phenomenon and instability of the coastal wall, which has damaged the structures existing on these sites. The pattern of interaction between water and seas is complex in coastal structures. In this research, the influence of the different wall heights and soil type changes on wall stability and water pressure distribution in the coastal wall have been investigated. Also, studies will be done on the investigation and optimization of the wall and Finally, by comparing the results obtained with classical methods, the strengths and weaknesses of the classical methods have been analyzed and the effectiveness of these methods (classical) has been evaluated. These walls are made in two types of weighted and flexible (mainly metal) types, in which flexible performance is considered in this research. The behavior of metal shields in front of the water will be examined using the ANSYS software. Several methods for calculating wave forces on perforated coastal walls are also reviewed. In this study, the behavior of the elastic wall is assumed. Coastal walls have been investigated in different hardships and the distribution of pressure and anchor due to hydrodynamic pressure of water on the wall have been investigated. The walls are different in terms of material and amount of rigidity

A BRIEF RADIOGRAPHIC REPORT FROM TWO COMMON ODONTOGENIC CYSTS IN JAWS WITH FOLLICULAR RADIOLUCENT APPEARANCE

Objectives: Pericoronal radiolucencies are common pathologic findings in regular dental checkups. Since dentigerous cyst is the most common pathologic pericoronal radiolucency and as odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a common cyst also and an aggressive lesion with high recurrence, radiographic features of these lesions were discussed in this study using panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional case series study, radiographs from 56 patients who were referred to  a private maxillofacial radiology center or  dentistry faculty in Mashhad/Iran from 2008 to 2013 in which radiolucent pericoronal lesion was observed in jaws with histopathologic results of dentigerous cyst or OKC were separately examined by two maxillofacial radiologists. Both observers were unaware of pathology results. Lesions were assessed based on their location, periphery, and impaction on the surrounding structures. Then, obtained data were analyzed using descriptive tables. Results: 56 lesions were identified in 56 patients. There were 20 odontogenic keratocyst and 36 dentigerous cysts. The majority of dentigerous cysts and OKCs occurred in the posterior mandible and showed a well corticated border. External root resorption was higher in OKC cases. In addition, displacement tendency of surrounding structures (other than tooth) such as nasal floor, mandibular canal, buccal and lingual cortex (in the form of expansion) as well as destruction of cortex, nasal floor or sinus walls was higher in OKC than in dentigerous cyst. Conclusion: Except of tooth displacement other parameters related to the effect on surrounding structures in this study showed higher frequency in OKC than dentigerous cyst