Concepts in surface alloying of metals

Surface alloying is widely used method in industries to improve the surface properties of metals/alloys. Significance of the various surface engineering techniques to improve the properties of engineering components in various applications, for example, automobile industries, has grown substantially over the many years. The current paper is focused on the fundamental scientific aspects of the surface alloying of metals. Widely used surface alloying elements involved are interstitial elements such as nitrogen, carbon, and substitutional element, chromium. This topic is interdisciplinary in nature and various science and engineering streams can work together for the further development in this topic. This paper has attempted to cover the essential concepts of surface alloying along with some of the interesting results in this research area

Exploration of possibilities of increasing farm incomes in a selected area by preparation and choice of alternative farm plans

Because of recent innovations, advances in technology, and a cost-price squeeze many farmers in the United States of America realize that they need to make important changes in their farm organization and production practices. Agricultural research is needed to supply information that will assist farmers in adjusting to these changing situations. This information may be in the nature of input-output data useful in preparing farm plans and budgets, or it may consist of synthetic optimum plans for selected farm situations that may serve as guides to farmers on similar farms in making management decisions. This study was directed in particular toward farms in the southeastern part of the Highland Rim Region of Tennessee which is the largest Physiographic Region in the state. The case-study farm selected for analysis was representative of the modal group of commercial farms in respect to size and soil pattern. Hence, it was estimated that the case-study farm was fairly representative of several thousand farms on which the operators were facing adjustment problems similar to those on the case-study farm. Data from the United States Census for 1959 show that the average returns to the operator on farms in the modal size group were less than $1000 per year. The major objective was to test the hypothesis that certain selected alternative farming systems would show higher net returns than his performance in 1961

Concepts in surface alloying of metals

Surface alloying is widely used method in industries to improve the surface properties of metals/alloys. Significance of the various surface engineering techniques to improve the properties of engineering components in various applications, for example, automobile industries, has grown substantially over the many years. The current paper is focused on the fundamental scientific aspects of the surface alloying of metals. Widely used surface alloying elements involved are interstitial elements such as nitrogen, carbon, and substitutional element, chromium. This topic is interdisciplinary in nature and various science and engineering streams can work together for the further development in this topic. This paper has attempted to cover the essential concepts of surface alloying along with some of the interesting results in this research area

Shilajit elicits apoptosis and suppresses cell migration in oral cancer cells through targeting Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) and chemokine signaling pathways

Shilajit (Mumio) is a humic substance with a dark brown colour that comes from rocks found at high altitudes. For centuries, shilajit has been a widely employed traditional medicinal remedy to address various physical ailments. Given the prevalence of oral cancer, there is a growing need for more effective therapies in its treatment. In this in vitro study, the impact of shilajit on normal human gingival fibroblast cells (hGFs) and oral cancer cells (KB-1, subline of the KERATIN-forming tumor cell line HeLa) was compared. The MTT and Annexin-V tests were used to measure the KB-1 cells growth and apoptosis after they were exposed to varying concentrations of Shilajit for 24h. An inverted microscope was used to evaluate the shilajit treated cell morphology. On the other hand, AO/EtBr dual staining was employed to analyse cellular apoptosis quantitatively. ROS production analysis was carried out utilizing DCFH-DA staining, while the gene expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins was assessed through real-time PCR

Role of Mumio in periodontal wound healing–an in vitro study on human PDL cells

Mumio, used in ancient medicine for almost 4000 years, is the gold standard of traditional medicine. Mumio, a tar-like compound made from rock dissolved minerals and degraded organic matter, takes a century to form. Dibenzo-alpha-pyrones, humic acid, and fulvic acid are important in Mumio, which includes 60–80% humus, benzoic acid, fatty acids, ichthyol, ellagic acid, resin, triterpenes, sterol, aromatic carboxylic acids, bioactive 3,4-benzokoumarins, amino acids, phenol Active chemicals improve Mumio\u27s antioxidant effects. Despite its anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, memory-enhancing, and anxiolytic characteristics, mumio has been studied rarely on oral tissues. The present study examined the cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reparative effects of the aqueous fraction of Mumio on primary cultures of human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts

Massive Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumothorax and Pneumoscrotum: Diagnostic Dilemma on Autopsy

Background: Subcutaneous emphysema is when gas or air in the layer under the skin. It literally means trapped air in the tissues beneath skin. It has characteristic crackling feel to touch, a sensation that has been described as similar to touching to Rice Krispies; this sensations under skin is called as subcutaneous crepitation.Case Report: A 50-years old male sustained injuries allegedly as a result of vehicular accident and was taken to a nearby private hospital. He was intubated there and then referred to a tertiary care hospital. He succumbed to death during transportation and was declared as brought dead on arrival. His body was brought for autopsy.Conclusion: There was massive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax and pneumoscrotum. Their origin created a dilemma on autopsy due to various reasons. It is discussed in detail and tried to track the origin

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF DASATINIB IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Objective: A new, simple, sensitive, precise and reproducible bioanalytical method was developed for the determination of Dasatinib in pharmaceutical formulations with Chloranilic acid. Methods: The method is based on formation of violet colored complex. The UV spectrum of Dasatinib in methanol showed λ max at 521 nm. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 10-60 μg/ml. This method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness. Results: The method has demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 10-60 μg/ml with regression equation y = 0.021x-0.083 and regression correlation coefficient r2= 0.997. Moreover, the method was found to be highly sensitive with LOD (2.96μg/ml) and LOQ (8.98μg/ml). Conclusion: Based on results the proposed method can be successfully applied for the assay of Dasatinib in various pharmaceutical dosageforms

VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF IMATINIB IN BULK AND FORMULATION

Objective: A new, simple, sensitive, precise and reproducible UV visible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of Imatinib in pharmaceutical formulations with alizarin. Methods: The method is based on formation of yellow-colored complex. The UV spectrum of Imatinib in methanol showed λ max at 431 nm. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 10-70 μg/ml. This method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness. Results: The method has demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 10-70 μg/ml with regression equation y =0.013x-0.017 and regression correlation coefficient r2= 0.997. Moreover, the method was found to be highly sensitive with LOD (4.3μg/ml) and LOQ (13.07μg/ml). Conclusion: Based on results the proposed method can be successfully applied for the assay of Imatinib in various pharmaceutical dosage forms

Analysis of Total Lip Score System and Total Groove Score for gender identification: A cross sectional study

Endless ink and pixel space have been spent to validate the use of cheiloscopy classification systems in the field of identification. It is becoming evident that lip-print patterns may provide indications about an individual\u27s gender, race, occupation, habits, blood type, and paternity. Over the course of time, much data has been collected on a substantial population in this field. In the present study, we strive to see how well a noble total lip scoring system (TLS) works in identifying a person\u27s gender among College of Dentistry students. We also quantified the total groove score (TGS) and compared it with each quadrant for better authentication of the set study design

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION CONTAINING NEEM SEED OIL

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate Microemulsion containing seed oil. Neem seed (Azadirachtaindica) oil was extracted from its seeds by the soxhlet apparatus. Acetone is used as a solvent. PEG 400 and Carbopol 940p was select as surfactant, co-surfactant and hydrogel thickening agent. Microemulsions were characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug transport study and in vivo antibacterial activity and shows satisfactory results. Antibacterial activity of formulation against E. coli Shows at a concentration of 3%. The neem seed oil microemulsion has the potential for antibacterial activity. Methods: A ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant i.e, S/CoSchoosen and corresponding mixture was made. The mixture was mixed with oil. Each mixture was mixed thoroughly using magnetic stirrer until homogenous dispersion/solution was obtained. Double distilled water was used in this formulations as to prevent the incorporation of surface active impurities. The mixture was titrated with water and ambient temperature with constant stirring at the endpoint where the mixture become clouded, the quantity of aquous phase added. The percentage of three different pseudo-phases incorporated were calculated.  Results: Solubility studies in various solvents reveals that the oil is insoluble in distilled water and ethanol. Soluble in methanol. Conclusion: It was observed that the microemulsion having multilamellar nature. Batches with carbopol shows better homogenous distribution. The stability of microemulsion prepared with carbopol 71 was gretter than with xanthan gum. The in vitro study of microemulsion was performed and Batch (F7) is optimized batch which shows highest drug release