Mumio, used in ancient medicine for almost 4000 years, is the gold standard of traditional medicine. Mumio, a tar-like compound made from rock dissolved minerals and degraded organic matter, takes a century to form. Dibenzo-alpha-pyrones, humic acid, and fulvic acid are important in Mumio, which includes 60–80% humus, benzoic acid, fatty acids, ichthyol, ellagic acid, resin, triterpenes, sterol, aromatic carboxylic acids, bioactive 3,4-benzokoumarins, amino acids, phenol Active chemicals improve Mumio\u27s antioxidant effects. Despite its anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, memory-enhancing, and anxiolytic characteristics, mumio has been studied rarely on oral tissues. The present study examined the cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reparative effects of the aqueous fraction of Mumio on primary cultures of human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts
