A REPORT ON A POTENT ANTHELMINTIC AGENT - UNBAKED COFFEE ARABICA BEAN EXTRACTS

Objective: Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of Coffee arabica unbaked bean extracts.Methods: C. arabica is most commonly found in India and possess major economic value, as is one of the common beverage consumed worldwide. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed ground and brewed to create consumable coffee. During coffee processing, coffee berry pulp was produced as waste which may contain large amount of phytochemicals. Moreover, ripe coffee bean before subjecting to processing and brewing, it contains many potential secondary metabolites with various therapeutic applications. However, these potential molecules are lost during processing. Helminthes infections have devastating impact on humans from the time immemorial. Helminthes are one of the most common infectious agents mainly in developing countries. Pherithema posthuma is a commonly known helminth used as model organism, because of identical physiology with Ascaris. In this connection the anthelmintic property of Coffee arabica bean extracts were evaluated against Pherithema posthuma as an experimental helminthes model. Albendazole was used as the standard reference.Results: Among the various concentrations of chloroform extract tested, 200 µg/ml showed efficient anthelmintic activity and among all the concentrations of ethanolic extract tested, 200 µg/ml showed significant results. This investigation revealed that chloroform extract of C. arabica proved to be significant anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma when compared aqueous extract, ethanolic extract and the standard drug.Conclusion: This investigation reports a new potent anthelmintic agent that can be used as a potent drug for the treatment of helminthes infection.Keywords:  Coffee Arabica; Anthelmintic activity; Pheretima posthuma; Ethanolic extract; Chloroform extract

EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF EPIPRINUS MALLOTIFORMIS LEAF EXTRACTS

Objective: Development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs led to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anthelmintic activity and antioxidant activity of the leaves of Epiprinus mallotiformis extract using adult earthworm, Pheritima posthuma. Methods: The leaves extracts of Epiprinus mallotiformis at different concentrations of 20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, 60 mg/mL, 80 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL were tested, which involve determination of paralysis time and death time. Results: It was found that the extract exhibited significant dose dependent anthelmintic activity. Piperazine citrate 10 mg/ml as standard reference. Whereas antioxidant activity of the extracts were performed by four method, DPPH  free radical scavenging activity, H2O2 scavenging activity, Reducing power assay and Metal chelating activity using ascorbic acid as a standard. The antioxidant activity was found more in the methanol extracts show comparable activity with ascorbic acid. In the metal chelating activity the petroleum ether show maximum activity when compare with chloroform and methanol. Conclusion: The leaves extracts of Epiprinus mallotiformis possess antioxidant and anthelminthic property. Further investigations on in vivo antioxidant activity need to be carried out to unmask its mode of action. Keywords: Epiprinus mallotiformis; anthelmintic; antioxidant; leaf extracts

Synthesis and biological activities of Bis alkyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole incorporated azo dye derivatives

3,5-Bis(alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-yl azo dyes were synthesized by a multi-step reaction sequence. Structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized and confirmed by IR, NMR, and Mass spectral studies. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and in vitro antioxidant properties. The results of this investigation revealed that the newly synthesized compounds are potent antibacterial and antioxidant agents. All the synthesized compounds exhibit significant biological activity and certainly hold a greater promise for discovering potent biologically active molecules

A pilot study: Changes of MDAMB-231 cancer cell line response to synthesized oleic acid – coated MgFe2O4 nano ferrite compound and its cytotoxic effects on L929 cell line

In this investigation, we synthesized MgFe2O4 nano ferrite compounds using the sol-gel method and coated them with oleic acid. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity study on the L929 cell line and the anticancer activity against the breastcancer-MDAMB-231 cellline using in vitro approach. The physical structure of the compounds was confirmed to have a cubic spinel structure and Fd3m space group using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scherrer's formula revealed crystallite sizes of 11 nm for MgFe2O4and 33 nm for oleic acid-coated MgFe2O4 nanoferrites. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the existence of MgFe2O4 inuncoated and coated compounds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface structure and morphology of the synthesized compounds. The compounds show a grain-like structure with a little agglomeration. With the help of histogram graph average size of the particles are determined, where the MgFe2O4 and coated MgFe2O4 have 17.2 and 20 nm average particle sizes. Testing of magnetic properties was done with a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), demonstrating ferromagnetic properties for the samples. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that MgFe2O4 exhibited higher cytotoxicity compared to oleic acid-coated MgFe2O4 nanoferrite on L929 cells. MgFe2O4 & oleic acid-coated MgFe2O4 compounds were tested on the MDAMB-231 breast cancer cell line, with the uncoated sample displaying significantly greater anticancer activity, as evidenced by a higher percentage of cell viability and a lower IC50 value of 55.67 µg compared to 65.97 µg for the coated sample

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Momordica charantia</i> L. seeds</span>

153-155<span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:mangal;color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-GB">Momordica charantia L. (Family Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as bitter gourd or bitter melon is used in the Traditional System of Medicine for the treatment of many ailments such as abortifacient, contraceptive, dysmenorrhoea, eczema, emmenagogue, antimalarial, galactagogue, gout, jaundice, abdominal pain, kidney stone, laxative, leprosy, leucorrhoea, piles, pneumonia, psoriasis, purgative, rheumatism, fever and scabies. The present work aims at evaluation of anthelmintic property of M. charantia seeds extracts against Indian adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma. Albendazole was used as the standard drug. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts at concentration of 20 mg/mL each were evaluated for anthelmintic activity. The time taken for each worm for paralysis and death were determined. Among all the extracts chloroform extract showed best anthelmintic activity by inducing paralysis within 3 min and death within 8 min. The extracts showed better result when compared to the standard drug Albendazole.</span

Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of Momordica charantia L. seeds

Momordica charantia L. (Family Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as bitter gourd or bitter melon is used in the Traditional System of Medicine for the treatment of many ailments such as abortifacient, contraceptive, dysmenorrhoea, eczema, emmenagogue, antimalarial, galactagogue, gout, jaundice, abdominal pain, kidney stone, laxative, leprosy, leucorrhoea, piles, pneumonia, psoriasis, purgative, rheumatism, fever and scabies. The present work aims at evaluation of anthelmintic property of M. charantia seeds extracts against Indian adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma. Albendazole was used as the standard drug. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts at concentration of 20 mg/mL each were evaluated for anthelmintic activity. The time taken for each worm for paralysis and death were determined. Among all the extracts chloroform extract showed best anthelmintic activity by inducing paralysis within 3 min and death within 8 min. The extracts showed better result when compared to the standard drug Albendazole

In Vivo prophylactic effects of oleanolic acid isolated from chloroform extract of Flaveria trinervia against ethanol induced liver toxicity in rats

The prophylactic effects of oleanolic acid (OA) isolated from chloroform extract (CE) of Flaveria trinervia against ethanol induced liver toxicity was investigated using rats. CE and OA at three different doses were tested by administering orally to the ethanol treated animals during the last week of the 7 weeks study. Silymarin was used as the standard reference. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin in ethanol treated animals were restored towards normalcy by treatment of CE and OA. In vivo antioxidant and in vitro free radical scavenging activities were also positive for all the three concentrations of CE and OA. However, OA at 150 mg/kg showed significant activity when compared to the other two doses. Biochemical observations in support with histopathological examinations revealed that CE and OA possess hepatoprotective action against ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aqueous Leaf Extract of Vitex leucoxylon and Its Biomedical Applications

The cold extraction method was used to obtain the aqueous extract of Vitex leucoxylon leaves in a ratio of 1:10. Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of V. leucoxylon as a reducing agent. The phytoreducing approach was used to make FeNPs by mixing 1 mL of plant extract with 1 mM of ferric sulfate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet&ndash;visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to examine the synthesized FeNPs. The reducing reaction was shown by a change in the color of the solution, and the formation of black color confirms that FeNPs have been formed. The greatest absorption peak (max) was found at 395 nm in UV-Vis spectral analysis. The FTIR spectra of V. leucoxylon aqueous leaf extract showed shifts in some peaks, namely 923.96 cm&minus;1 and 1709.89 cm&minus;1, with functional groups carboxylic acids, unsaturated aldehydes, and ketones, which were lacking in the FTIR spectra of FeNPs and are responsible for FeNPs formation. FeNPs with diameters between 45 and 100 nm were observed in SEM images. The creation of FeNPs was confirmed by EDX, which shows a strong signal in the metallic iron region at 6&ndash;8 Kev. XRD revealed a crystalline nature and an average diameter of 136.43 nm. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and wound healing in vitro tests reported significant activity of the FeNPs. The cumulative findings of the present study indicate that the green synthesis of FeNPs boosts its biological activity and may serve as a possible dermal wound-healing agent and cytotoxic agent against cancer. Future study is needed on the identification of mechanisms involved in the synthesis of FeNPs by V. leucoxylon and its biomedical applications

Bactericidal, fungicidal and anthelmintic activities of Alstonia scholaris bark extracts

Plant based medicines are effective against many human infectious diseases either by paralysing or killing the pathogen. In the present study, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Alstonia scholaris bark were screened for their bactericidal, fungicidal and anthelmintic properties. Antibacterial activity revealed that chloroform extract at the 20 mg/ml showed significant antibacterial effect. Nevertheless, petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts also showed antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. dyscentreae, but less effective than chloroform extract.  All the extracts were not as potent as the standard drug ciprofloxacin. Fungicidal activity revealed that among all the test extracts, ethanol extract at 20 mg/ml showed significant fungicidal effect against Rhizopus. . Interestingly, petroleum ether and ethanol extracts at 20 mg/ml showed more significant fungicidal action when compared to standard drug sulphamethoxazole. Anthelmintic activity of A. scholaris extracts was carried out at four different concentrations viz., 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/ml to evaluate their effect in inducing paralysis and death in Pheretima posthuma. Anthelmintic activity revealed that petroleum ether extract at 20 mg/ml induced paralysis in worms within 12 min and death within 25.33 min. However, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts at 20 mg/ml also showed significant anthelmintic activity. Among all the extracts of A. scholaris, chloroform extract was most potent at concentration 20 mg/ml but less efective than standard drug albendazole. This investigation revealed that all the extracts of A. scholaris showed efficient bactericidal, fungicidal and anthelmintic activity against the test pathogens indicating the medicinal property of A. scholaris