Effects of artificial feeds on growth and production of fishes in Polyculture

A study on the effects of artificial feeds on growth and production of fishes along with some limnological conditions were conducted in polyculture system. Species of Indian major carp (Cirrhinus mrigala) and exotic fishes (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix and Oreochromis niloticus) were stocked in six ponds under two treatments, each with three replications. Stocking rate in both treatments was 100 fish per decimal at the ratio of silver carp: tilapia: mrigal = 2: 2: 1. Fertilization and artificial feeds were given in Ttreatment 1 (T1) and only fertilization was done in Treatment 2 (T2). Wheat bran, rice bran and soybean meal were given daily as artificial feed in T1 in the ratio of wheat bran: rice bran: soybean meal = 2: 2: 1 (by wt). Urea, T.S.P and cow dung were applied fortnightly at the rate of 60 g deci-1, 90 g deci-1 and 2 kg deci-1 respectively. Water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, free CO2, total alkalinity, PO4-P and NO3-N were determined fortnightly and phytoplankton and zooplankton were studied fortnightly. These limnological conditions were more or less similar in the ponds under two treatments and were within suitable ranges. Calculated gross and net yields of fish were 16.56 and 12.48 ton ha-1 respectively in case of fertilization and artificial feeding application (T1) and 9.99 and 5.91 ton ha-1 respectively in case of only fertilization (T2). Application of artificial feed in T1 significantly increased the growth and production of fish more than two times which indicates that artificial feeding in polyculture is very useful for increasing fish production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i2.22637 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (2): 11-15, December, 201

Effects of different kinds of fertilizers on production of fishes in Polyculture system

A study was conducted to assess the effects of different kinds of inorganic fertilizers on the production of fishes in six ponds during October to December 2011. There were three treatments with two replications under each treatment and each of the ponds was stocked with 80 fish fry. In treatments I, II and III, ponds were fertilized fortnightly @ urea 100 g decimal-1, T.S.P. 100 g decimal-1 and urea 50 g decimal-1 + T.S.P. 50 g decimal-1, respectively. Selected water-quality parameters of ponds under study were more or less similar and within the productive range. Mean phytoplankton and zooplankton densities under treatments I, II and III were 57.08 ± 1.35, 8.80 ± 0.09 and 77.29 ± 3.72, 12.88 ± 0.74 and 98.93 ± 1.61, 16.16 ± 1.75 (x103) cells L-1, respectively. The net and gross fish productions of the ponds under treatments I, II and III were 0.85 and 3.11 t ha-1 yr-1 and 1.32 and 3.58 t ha-1 yr-1 and 1.85 and 4.11 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Fish production under treatment III was better than those under treatments I and II because plankton population densities under treatment III was the highest. Therefore, the mixed fertilization is suitable for production of plankton that enhance growth and production of fishes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i2.22639 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (2): 16-21, December, 201

Facebook use and its predictive factors among students: evidence from a lower- and middle-income country, Bangladesh

Background: Facebook is a popular social networking site in the modern world. It has an adverse effect such as impairing daily health and psychological health and also interpersonal relationships when the use becomes problematic. Aims: To examine problematic Facebook use (PFU) and its predictors among Bangladeshi students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 601 Bangladeshi students and collected data related to socio-demographic information, behavioral health, internet use behavior, depression, anxiety and problematic Facebook use [assessed using the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS)]. The data were analyzed using descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, correlations, and multivariable linear regression). Results: The results indicated that 29.1% of participants were problematic Facebook users (using cutoff ≥18 out of 30). Medical college students had higher mean score on PFU than other students (p < 0.001). In addition, the mean score of PFU was significantly higher among the students who were in a relationship (p = 0.001), did not engage in physical activity (p < 0.001), used the internet more than 5 h per day (p < 0.001), used social media (p < 0.001), and had depression or anxiety symptoms (p < 0.001). PFU was significantly associated with depression and anxiety among the whole sample. Predictive factors for PFU included relationship status, daily internet use time, gaming, social media use, depression, and anxiety. The model predicted almost 33.2% variance for PFU. Conclusions: Findings suggest interventions should be implemented for students with a special focus on medical students who had higher score of PFU than other types of students

A population-based nationwide dataset concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and serious psychological consequences in Bangladesh

This paper presents the dataset concerning knowledge, preventive behavior, psychological consequences, and suicidal behavior regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Data were collected through an online based cross-sectional survey between April 1 to April 10 in 64 districts at the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. A total of 10,067 participants’ data were recruited for analysis. The survey contained items concerning (i) socio-demographic information, (ii) knowledge concerning COVID-19, (iii) behavior towards COVID-19, (iv) lockdown and economic issues, (v) assessment of fear of COVID-19, (vi) assessment of insomnia, (vii) assessment of depression, and (viii) assessment of suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed utilizing SPSS (version 22) and are represented as frequencies and percentages based on responses to the whole survey. Given that the data were collected across the whole nation, government authorities and healthcare policymakers can use the data to develop various models and/or policies regarding preventive strategies and help raise awareness through health education towards COVID-19

How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted internet use behaviors and facilitated problematic internet use? A Bangladeshi study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic-related “stay-at-home” and confinement orders has led individuals to be more engaged with technology use (e.g., internet use). For a minority of individuals, excessive use can become problematic and addictive. However, the investigation of problematic internet use in the COVID-19 context is only just emerging. Therefore, the present study investigated the changes in internet use behaviors and addiction rates in comparison with prior Bangladeshi studies. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was carried out among a total of 601 Bangladeshi students between October 7 and November 2, 2020. The survey included questions relating to socio-demographic, behavioral health, online use behaviors, and psychopathological variables. Results: A quarter of the participants (26%) reported having low levels of internet addiction, whereas 58.6% were classed as having moderate internet addiction and 13% severe internet addiction. A total of 4% of the sample were classed as being at risk of severe internet dependency (i.e., scoring over ≥ 80 on IAT). Risk factors for internet addiction included smartphone addiction, Facebook addiction, depression, and anxiety. However, the final hierarchical regression model comprising all variables explained a total of 70.6% variance of problematic internet use. Conclusion: Based on the present findings, it is concluded that individuals are at elevated risk of problematic internet use like other psychological impacts that have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, risk-reducing measures and healthy control use strategies should be implemented for vulnerable individuals

Suicide related to the COVID-19 pandemic in India: a systematic review

Background: The suicide rate has increased during the pandemic in India. Moreover, several studies, especially press-media reporting suicide studies have been conducted but no systematic review has been attempted in this context. Therefore, the present study systematically investigated the risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors, and the method of suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed to include papers published up until September 30, 2022. From an initial 144 papers, 18 studies which met the inclusion criteria were included in the present review. The Pierson’s method was used for quality assessment of the included studies in the present review. Results: The risk factors associated with suicide comprised: (i) socio-demographic factors (e.g., being aged between 31 and 50 years, male, married, unemployed), (ii) behavior and health-related factors (e.g., unavailability of alcohol and alcohol withdrawal symptoms, poor state of physical health and health issues, family disputes, relationship complexities, and sexual harassment), (iii) COVID-19-related factors (e.g., fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 test results, quarantine or isolation, financial hardship due to the pandemic, having influenza-like symptoms, experiencing stigmatization and ostracism despite testing negative, separation from family due to transport restrictions, misinterpreting other illness symptoms as COVID-19, saving the village from infection, watching COVID-19 videos on social media, online schooling, perceived stigma toward COVID-19, and being suspected of having COVID-19), and (iv) psychopathological stressors (depression, loneliness, stress, TikTok addiction, and poor mental health, suicidal tendencies, helplessness, and worrying). Hanging was the most common method of suicide. In addition, jumping from high buildings, poisoning, drowning, burning, cutting or slitting throat or wrists, self-immolation, medication overdose, electrocution, pesticide, and gun-shot were also used to carry out the suicide. Conclusions: Findings from this research suggest multiple reasons for suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic and knowledge of such factors could aid in developing suicide prevention strategies focusing the most vulnerable cohorts inside and outside India

Psychometric validation of the Bangla fear of COVID-19 Scale: confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis

The recently developed Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a seven-item uni-dimensional scale that assesses the severity of fears of COVID-19. Given the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh, we aimed to translate and validate the FCV-19S in Bangla. The forward-backward translation method was used to translate the English version of the questionnaire into Bangla. The reliability and validity properties of the Bangla FCV-19S were rigorously psychometrically evaluated (utilizing both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis) in relation to socio-demographic variables, national lockdown variables, and response to the Bangla Health Patient Questionnaire. The sample comprised 8550 Bangladeshi participants. The Cronbach α value for the Bangla FCV-19S was 0.871 indicating very good internal reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the uni-dimensional factor structure of the FCV-19S fitted well with the data. The FCV-19S was significantly correlated with the nine-item Bangla Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-90) (r = 0.406,

Wt1 is required for cardiovascular progenitor cell formation through transcriptional control of Snail and E-cadherin

Epicardial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is hypothesized to generate cardiovascular progenitor cells that differentiate into various cell types, including coronary smooth muscle and endothelial cells, perivascular and cardiac interstitial fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. Here we show that an epicardial-specific knockout of Wt1 leads to a reduction of mesenchymal progenitor cells and their derivatives. We demonstrate that Wt1 is essential for repression of the epithelial phenotype in epicardial cells and during Embryonic Stem (ES) cell differentiation, through direct transcriptional regulation of Snail (Snai1) and E-cadherin (Cdh1), two of the major mediators of EMT. Some mesodermal lineages fail to form in Wt1 null embryoid bodies but this effect is rescued by the expression of Snai1, underlining the importance of EMT in generating these differentiated cells. These new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiovascular progenitor cells and EMT will shed light on the pathogenesis of heart diseases and may help the development of cell based therapies

Self-renewal and chemotherapy resistance of p75NTR positive cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>p75^NTRhas been used to isolate esophageal and corneal epithelial stem cells. In the present study, we investigated the expression of p75^NTRin esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and explored the biological properties of p75^NTR+cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>p75^NTRexpression in ESCC was assessed by immunohistochemistry. p75^NTR+and p75^NTR-cells of 4 ESCC cell lines were separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Differentially expressed genes between p75^NTR+and p75^NTR-cells were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Sphere formation assay, DDP sensitivity assay, ⁶⁴copper accumulation assay and tumorigenicity analysis were performed to determine the capacity of self-renewal, chemotherapy resistance and tumorigenicity of p75^NTR+cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In ESCC specimens, p75^NTRwas found mainly confined to immature cells and absent in cells undergoing terminal differentiation. The percentage of p75^NTR+cells was 1.6%–3.7% in Eca109 and 3 newly established ESCC cell lines. The expression of Bmi-1, which is associated with self-renewal of stem cells, was significantly higher in p75^NTR+cells. p63, a marker identified in keratinocyte stem cells, was confined mainly to p75^NTR+cells. The expression of CTR1, which is associated with cisplatin (DDP)-resistance, was significantly decreased in p75^NTR+cells. Expression levels of differentiation markers, such as involucrin, cytokeratin 13, β1-integrin and β4-integrin, were lower in p75^NTR+cells. In addition, p75^NTR+cells generated both p75^NTR+and p75^NTR-cells, and formed nonadherent spherical clusters in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors. Furthermore, p75^NTR+cells were found to be more resistant to DDP and exhibited lower ⁶⁴copper accumulation than p75^NTR-cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results demonstrated that p75^NTR+cells possess some characteristics of CSCs, namely, self-renewal and chemotherapy resistance. Chemotherapy resistance of p75^NTR+cells may probably be attributable to decreased expression of CTR1.</p

Single-Cell Transcriptional Analysis of Normal, Aberrant, and Malignant Hematopoiesis in Zebrafish

Hematopoiesis culminates in the production of functionally heterogeneous blood cell types. In zebrafish, the lack of cell surface antibodies has compelled researchers to use fluorescent transgenic reporter lines to label specific blood cell fractions. However, these approaches are limited by the availability of transgenic lines and fluorescent protein combinations that can be distinguished. Here, we have transcriptionally profiled single hematopoietic cells from zebrafish to define erythroid, myeloid, B, and T cell lineages. We also used our approach to identify hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and a novel NK-lysin 4+ cell type, representing a putative cytotoxic T/NK cell. Our platform also quantified hematopoietic defects in rag2E450fs mutant fish and showed that these fish have reduced T cells with a subsequent expansion of NK-lysin 4+ cells and myeloid cells. These data suggest compensatory regulation of the innate immune system in rag2E450fs mutant zebrafish. Finally, analysis of Myc-induced T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed that cells are arrested at the CD4+/CD8+ cortical thymocyte stage and that a subset of leukemia cells inappropriately reexpress stem cell genes, including bmi1 and cmyb. In total, our experiments provide new tools and biological insights into single-cell heterogeneity found in zebrafish blood and leukemia