Scopolamine reduces the density of M1 muscarinic neurons in rats' hippocampus

Cholinergic system in CNS is involved in learning and memory. Scopolamine as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist is used for creation of memory impairment. The purpose of this study is evaluation of scopolamine-based amnesia on memory retention and the effect of this phenomenon on the number of neurons contains M1-receptors in the male Wistar rats hippocampal regions. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (200±20 g) were distributed randomly into five groups. Control group (intact samples) and 3 experimental groups with sham group (saline) were tested by the method of passive avoidance (shuttle box) in doses of 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (intraperitoneally) as a single dose. After one week, memory test was taken from the rats. Finally, brains dissected from sacrificed rats, and then processed tissues were stained with antibody against M1 receptors (Immunohistochemistry technique) followed by counting of hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG regions. Our results showed significant decrease in neurons contains M1-receptors in all area of hippocampus. We found that the less number of M1-neurons showed in 1 mg/kg dose of scopolamine. We concluded that scopolamine as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist can reduce dose-dependently the density of M1-neurons in all areas of hippocampus

GPC based PID control of the roll Channel of flying vehicle with two actuators

A strategy to increase the control ability of aerodynamic control flying vehicles at the altitude higher than the standard range by using continuous time cold gas thruster is proposed in this paper. At the first an optimal PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller algorithm based on predictive control technique is defined, and a generalized predictive control (GPC) is used to derive the control law. Finally, based on the GPC control law PID control, parameters are calculated recursively. The result shows a proper response in the control of flying vehicle.Keywords: Optimal PID Generalized predictive control, Flight control

ONE-TWO criteria: Improving the approach to electrocardiogram

The electrocardiogram (EKG) is one of the major Para-clinic exams for evaluating patients suspected to cardiac or non-cardiac disease which could be very informative especially when assessed by experienced clinicians. To improve and accelerate the approach to EKG interpretation, simple and accurate criteria are useful and save the physician's time especially in emergent situations. In this article, we introduce our criteria which determine whether the electrical axis of heart is normal or not and if abnormal, what kind of deviation it has. These criteria say that "if the mean QRS complex in leads I and II are positive, the axis will be accu-rately in the normal range (-30 to +90); unless, the axis is abnormal necessitating a more complex evaluation". These criteria could simplify the first step of the approach to EKG interpretation especially in emergent situations. They can also be proper substitute for current methods of heart axis determination in clinical practice and for educational goals. © 2010 Motaharsadat Hosseini et al

Modified Equation of State Applied to Refrigerants: Part II

Abstract The present work is the successful extension of an improved equation of state (EOS) to refrigerant fluids. The objective is the prediction of isothermal and saturated liquid densities of refrigerants. Two temperatureindependent parameters appearing in the modified EOS are closely related to critical point properties of refrigerant fluids. Our results showed that, the proposed EOS can predict well isothermal and saturated liquid destinies of studied refrigerants over the temperature range from 100-400 K and pressures up to187 MPa, with AADs equal to 2.16% and 2.66%, respectively. The surface tensions and sound velocities of saturated refrigerants were also estimated through the simple relations with AADs equal to 4.76% and 5.66%

Chelating and Bridging Roles of 2-(2-Pyridyl)benzimidazole and Bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene in Stabilizing a Cyclic Tetranuclear Platinum(II) Complex.

The reaction of complex [Pt(Me)(DMSO)(pbz)], 1, (pbz = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazolate) with [PtMe(Cl)(DMSO)2], B, followed by addition of bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene (dppac), gave the novel tetranuclear platinum complex [Pt4Me4(μ-dppac)2(pbz)2Cl2], 2, bearing both the pbz and dppac ligands. In this structure, the pbz ligands are both chelating and bridging to stabilize the tetraplatinum framework. The tetranuclear Pt(II) complex was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and mass spectrometry, and its electronic structure was investigated and supported by DFT calculations

Effect of gamma irradiation on fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low-dose gamma irradiation (0, 1, 3 and 5 kGy) on fatty acid composition of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet. Among all of the fatty acids, oleic acid (C18:1) (with mean 33.50±3.02 g/100 g fatty acids) and myristoleic acid (C14:1) (with mean 0.41±0.26 g/100 g fatty acids) were the most predominant and the lowest fatty acids in all irradiated and non-irradiated samples, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in level of all fatty acids, saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) between Rainbow trout fillet control and irradiated in 1, 3 and 5 kGy. Therefore irradiation process and different doses of irradiation in this study (1, 3 and 5 kGy) had no significant effect (P>0.05) on fatty acid composition

On the Globalization of the {QAnon} Conspiracy Theory Through {Telegram}

QAnon is a far-right conspiracy theory that became popular and mainstreamover the past few years. Worryingly, the QAnon conspiracy theory hasimplications in the real world, with supporters of the theory participating inreal-world violent acts like the US capitol attack in 2021. At the same time,the QAnon theory started evolving into a global phenomenon by attractingfollowers across the globe and, in particular, in Europe. Therefore, it isimperative to understand how the QAnon theory became a worldwide phenomenon andhow this dissemination has been happening in the online space. This paperperforms a large-scale data analysis of QAnon through Telegram by collecting4.5M messages posted in 161 QAnon groups/channels. Using Google's PerspectiveAPI, we analyze the toxicity of QAnon content across languages and over time.Also, using a BERT-based topic modeling approach, we analyze the QAnondiscourse across multiple languages. Among other things, we find that theGerman language is prevalent in QAnon groups/channels on Telegram, evenovershadowing English after 2020. Also, we find that content posted in Germanand Portuguese tends to be more toxic compared to English. Our topic modelingindicates that QAnon supporters discuss various topics of interest withinfar-right movements, including world politics, conspiracy theories, COVID-19,and the anti-vaccination movement. Taken all together, we perform the firstmultilingual study on QAnon through Telegram and paint a nuanced overview ofthe globalization of the QAnon theory.<br