Spin polarization gate device based on the chirality-induced spin selectivity and robust nonlocal spin polarization

Nonlocal spin polarization phenomena are thoroughly investigated in the devices made of chiral metallic single crystals of CrNb$_3$S$_6$ and NbSi$_2$ as well as of polycrystalline NbSi$_2$. We demonstrate that simultaneous injection of charge currents in the opposite ends of the device with the nonlocal setup induces the switching behavior of spin polarization in a controllable manner. Such a nonlocal spin polarization appears regardless of the difference in the materials and device dimensions, implying that the current injection in the nonlocal configuration splits spin-dependent chemical potentials throughout the chiral crystal even though the current is injected into only a part of the crystal. We show that the proposed model of the spin dependent chemical potentials explains the experimental data successfully. The nonlocal double-injection device may offer significant potential to control the spin polarization to large areas because of the nature of long-range nonlocal spin polarization in chiral materials.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Sulfoquinovosyl Acyl Panediol (SQAP) as a Radiation Sensitizer for Dogs with Tumors : A Pilot Study

Sulfoquinovosylacylpanediol (SQAP) was discovered to be a radiation sensitizer in 1997. However, the safety of SQAP and radiotherapy to treat naturally occurring tumors in dogs remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of SQAP and hypofractionated radiotherapy in healthy beagle dogs, and dogs with tumors. Healthy beagle dogs were administered SQAP at doses of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days on the first week, while radiotherapy was performed once weekly for 4 weeks. Five dogs with soft tissue sarcoma, thyroid carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, and liposarcoma were also enrolled in this prospective study. SQAP at 4 mg/kg was administered to the dogs with tumors. The adverse events of SQAP included angialgia in most cases. The adverse events of SQAP and radiotherapy were mild. The systemic administration of SQAP and concomitant radiotherapy appears to be safe for short-term use

Effectiveness of Isoprothiolane in Preventing Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of isoprothiolane in preventing fatty liver in dairy cows. Eight pregnant Holstein cows with high body condition scores were studied. Four cows were administered isoprothiolane via feed at 10 g/day/head from 21 days before delivery (treated group), while the remaining four cows received no treatment (non-treated group). Liver samples from both groups were obtained 21 days before delivery and 2 days following delivery. No accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes was observed in any cows prior to delivery. Following delivery, the accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes was significantly reduced in the treated group compared to the non-treated group. The number of mitochondria per unit area was also significantly smaller in the treated group than in the non-treated group. Blood and biochemical test results from cows in the treated group showed an increase in mGOT levels and stable intrahepatic ATP production. These results suggest that isoprothiolane treatment intensified beta-oxidation in liver mitochondria, thereby activating the TCA cycle and maintaining intrahepatic ATP production

Covalent Core–Shell Architecture of Hemoglobin and Human Serum Albumin as an Artificial O₂ Carrier

Covalent core–shell structured protein clusters of hemoglobin (Hb) and human serum albumin (HSA) (Hb<b>X</b>-HSA_<i>m</i>) (<i>m</i> = 2, 3) with novel physiological properties were generated by linkage of Hb surface lysins to HSA cysteine-34 via an α-succinimidyl-ε-maleimide cross-linker (<b>X</b>: <b>1</b> or <b>2</b>). The isoelectric points of Hb<b>X</b>-HSA_<i>m</i> (p<i>I</i> = 5.0–5.2) were markedly lower than that of Hb and almost identical to that of HSA. AFM and TEM measurements revealed a triangular Hb<b>1</b>-HSA₃ cluster in aqueous medium. The complete 3D structure of Hb<b>1</b>-HSA₃ based on TEM data was reconstructed, revealing two possible conformer variants. All Hb<b>X</b>-HSA_<i>m</i> clusters showed a moderately higher O₂ affinity than the native Hb. Furthermore, the exterior HSA units possess a remarkable ability to bind lumiflavin (LF). The addition of NADH to an aqueous solution of the met-Hb<b>2</b>-(HSA-LF)₃ cluster reduced the inactive ferric Hb center to the functional ferrous Hb. This O₂-carrying hemoprotein cluster with strongly negative surface net charge, high O₂ affinity, and NADH-dependent reductase unit can support a new generation of molecular architecture for red blood cell substitutes

MicroRNAs 106b and 222 Improve Hyperglycemia in a Mouse Model of Insulin-Deficient Diabetes via Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation

Major symptoms of diabetes mellitus manifest, once pancreatic β-cell numbers have become inadequate. Although natural regeneration of β-cells after injury is very limited, bone marrow (BM) transplantation (BMT) promotes their regeneration through undetermined mechanism(s) involving inter-cellular (BM cell-to-β-cell) crosstalk. We found that two microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to BMT-induced β-cell regeneration. Screening murine miRNAs in serum exosomes after BMT revealed 42 miRNAs to be increased. Two of these miRNAs (miR-106b-5p and miR-222-3p) were shown to be secreted by BM cells and increased in pancreatic islet cells after BMT. Treatment with the corresponding anti-miRNAs inhibited BMT-induced β-cell regeneration. Furthermore, intravenous administration of the corresponding miRNA mimics promoted post-injury β-cell proliferation through Cip/Kip family down-regulation, thereby ameliorating hyperglycemia in mice with insulin-deficient diabetes. Thus, these identified miRNAs may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for diabetes