Peningkatan Aktivitas Belajar Mahasiswa melalui Lesson Study pada Mata Kuliah Anatomi dan Morfologi Tumbuhan

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai pada kegiatan lesson study ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa di Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi pada mata kuliah Anatomi dan Morfologi Tumbuhan. Hasil akhir yang diharapkan adalah semua kompetensi dasar dan standar kompetensi bisa dicapai. Aktivitas belajar yang diharapkan meningkat terutama adalah (1) kemampuan berpikir kritis, (2) kemampuan berkomunikasi lisan, (3) kemampuan bekerja sama dalam tim, (4) kedisiplinan. Lesson Study dilakukan dengan menerapkan problem solving dalam perkuliahan dan dilakukan dalam 4 kali siklus yang masing-masing terdiri dari kegiatan Plan, Do dan See. Plan dilakukan oleh dosen model dan observer untuk menganalisis kebutuhan dan permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam perkuliahan dan mempersiapkan semua instrumen dan perangkat kuliah yang diyakini mampu membelajarkan mahasiswa secara efektif serta membangkitkan partisipasi aktif mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran. Produk dalam kegiatan plan adalah jadwal pelaksanaan plan, do dan see, RPP, materi, media, dan alat evaluasi. Kegiatan selanjutnya adalah kegiatan open class, yaitu kegiatan tatap muka di kelas yang diampu oleh dosen model dan dimonitor keterlaksanaannya oleh para observer. Setelah itu dosen model dan para observer melakukan refleksi berdasarkan open class yang baru saja dilakukan, mendiskusikan masalah dan cara penanggulangannya agar siklus selanjutnya lebih baik pencapaiannya. Berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan lesson study selama 4 siklus didapatkan bahwa penggunaan model problem solving melalui lesson study pada pembelajaran Anatomi dan Morfologi Tumbuhan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa pada setiap tahapan siklus, yang ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya (1) kemampuan berpikir kritis, (2) kemampuan berkomunikasi lisan, (3) kemampuan bekerja sama dalam tim, dan (4) kedisiplinan. Selain itu juga terdapat peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh dosen, baik dalam persiapan pembelajaran maupun keterampilan melaksanakan pembelajaran. Walaupun demikian, lesson study ini masih perlu dilanjutkan dan ditingkatkan agar pembelajaran yang berkualitas tetap terjaga

Model Sistem Multi Agen Linear Dengan Formasi Segitiga

In this paper, a linear model of multi agent movement in equilateral triangle formation is considered. The agents have initial and final state in triangular formation. Along the motion, all agents can not move far away and collide. The agents are steered from initial position to final position in fixed time. For this goal, optimal control with Pontryagin Maximum Principle is applied and the classic difficulty in the optimal control problem is appear. To solve the classic difficulty above, the steepest descent method is used

Additional file 2: of Optimizing protocols for extraction of bacteriophages prior to metagenomic analyses of phage communities in the human gut

Summary of DNA concentrations obtained from the PPs extracted with optimized and adapted methods. The concentrations of DNA were determined by fluorometry. Values shown represent the measurements of three fecal samples using two biological replicates. (1.08 MB

Additional file 1: of Optimizing protocols for extraction of bacteriophages prior to metagenomic analyses of phage communities in the human gut

Description of samples (per subject) used for evaluation of the optimized routes for pre-processing and purification of fecal bacteriophages for virome characterization. The first biological replicates/extractions are represented by X1, Y1 and Z1, while the second one by X2, Y2 and Z2 (each of them were extracted with LIT, PEG and TFF for a total of 18 extractions). All samples and replicates were used for analysis of spiked phage recovery (c2, ϕ29 and T4 phages) and quantification of PPs/DNA. TEM analyses were only carried out with replicates obtained from extractions X1 and Y1 (carried out with LIT, PEG and TFF). The construction of metaviromes was performed using the bacteriophages obtained from Subject X and extracted with LIT, PEG and TFF. (874 KB

Strains used in this study and host range of phages ɸAPCEc01, ɸAPCEc02 and ɸAPCEc03.

<p>Strains used in this study and host range of phages ɸAPCEc01, ɸAPCEc02 and ɸAPCEc03.</p

Effect of a combination of ciprofloxacin HCl and phages ɸAPCEc01, ɸAPCEc02, and ɸAPCEc03, alone or in cocktail, on the growth of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> strain DPC6051.

<p>Each condition was tested in triplicate. Bacterial counts were performed after 24 h of incubation, with a detection threshold of 20 cfu/ml. *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05.</p

Genome features of phages ɸAPCEc01, ɸAPCEc02 and ɸAPCEc03.

<p>Genome features of phages ɸAPCEc01, ɸAPCEc02 and ɸAPCEc03.</p

Dimensions of the three <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> phages isolated in this study.

<p>Dimensions of the three <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> phages isolated in this study.</p

BLAST Ring Image Generator representation of phage ɸAPCEc01 (a), ɸAPCEc02 (b), and ɸAPCEc03 (c) genomes.

<p>The innermost rings show the GC content (black) and GC skew (purple: GC skew[-]; green: GC skew[+]). For each comparison using BRIG, the longest phage genome was used as a reference, and its name is indicated in the middle of the rings. The circles represent the genomes of the phages compared to this reference including the phages described in this study.</p

Transmission electron micrographs of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> phages ɸAPCEc01 (a), ɸAPCEc02 (b), and ɸAPCEc03 (c).

<p>The thin arrows in micrograph c indicate the 3 flexible fibres attached to the distal end of the phage tail. The terminal baseplate spike in c is illustrated by the thick arrow.</p