反響音を有する畳み込み形混合過程に対するブラインドソースセパレーションの学習法

金沢大学理工研究域　電子情報学系出版者許諾要件を調査中

Neural network based BCI by using orthogonal components of multi-channel brain waves and generalization

金沢大学理工研究域　電子情報学系FFT and Multilayer neural networks (MLNN) have been applied to \u27Brain Computer Interface\u27 (BCI). In this paper, in order to extract features of mental tasks, individual feature of brain waves of each channel is emphasized. Since the brain wave in some interval can be regarded as a vector, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization is applied for this purpose. There exists degree of freedom in the channel order to be orthogonalized. Effect of the channel order on classification accuracy is investigated. Next, two channel orders are used for generating the MLNN input data. Two kinds of methods using a single NN and double NNs are examined. Furthermore, a generalization method, adding small random numbers to the MLNN input data, is applied. Simulations are carried out by using the brain waves, available from the Colorado State University website. By using the orthogonal components, a correct classification rate P c can be improved from 70% to 78%, an incorrect classification rate P e can be suppressed from 10% to 8%. As a result, a rate R c ∈=∈P c /(P c ∈+∈P e ) can be improved from 0.875 to 0.907. When two different channel orders are used, P e can be drastically suppressed from 10% to 2%, and R c can be improved up to 0.973. The generalization method is useful especially for using a sigle channel order. P c can be increased up to 84~88% and P e can be suppressed down to 2~4%, resulting in R c ∈=∈0.957~0.977. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

A learning algorithm with adaptive exponential stepsize for blind source separation of convolutive mixtures with reverberations

First, convergence properties in blind source separation (BSS) of convolutive mixtures are analyzed. A fully recurrent network is taken into account. Convergence is highly dependent on relation among signal source power, transmission gain and delay in a mixing process. Especially, reverberations degrade separation performance. Second, a learning algorithm is proposed for this situation. In an unmixing block, feedback paths have an FIR filter. The filter coefficients are updated through the gradient algorithm starting from zero initial guess. The correction is exponentially scaled along the tap number. In other words, stepsize is exponentially weighted. Since the filter coefficients with a long delay are easily affected by the reverberations, their correction are suppressed. Exponential weighting is automatically adjusted by approximating an envelop of the filter coefficients in a learning process. Through simulation, good separation performance, which is the same as in no reverberations condition, can be achieved by the proposed method

Effects of propagation delays and sampling rate on feed-back BSS and comparative studies with feed-forward BSS

金沢大学理工研究域　電子情報学

Development of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms‐Japanese version: Pilot study

There is currently no reliable and valid multidimensional instrument for measuring psychological symptoms among Japanese university students. The purpose of this pilot study was to translate the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms‐62 (CCAPS‐62) into Japanese and evaluate its validity and reliability. Following robust translation procedures, the CCAPS‐Japanese was created. In the validation study, 2,758 undergraduate students from 11 universities (mean age = 19.08 ± 1.85 years) completed the CCAPS‐Japanese. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical eight‐factor structure model of the CCAPS‐Japanese with the exclusion of seven items. The decision to retain/remove items was made by evaluating factor loadings and model fit indices while considering cultural equivalence and structural validity. Using the finalized 55‐item CCAPS‐Japanese, further analyses demonstrated that the eight subscales had acceptable to good internal consistencies (α = .61–.89). Thus, the tool’s validity and reliability were established. The CCAPS‐Japanese may be appropriate for assessing the psychological concerns of Japanese university students.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153629/1/cpp2412_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153629/2/cpp2412.pd

Analysis of signal separation and signal distortion in feedforward and feedback blind source separation based on source spectra

金沢大学理工研究域　電子情報学系Source separation and signal distortion in three kinds of BSSs with convolutive mixture are analyzed. They include a feedforward BSS, trained in the time domain and in the frequency domain, and a feedback BSS, trained in the time domain. First, an evaluation measure of signal distortion is discussed. Second, conditions for source separation and distortion free are derived. Based on these conditions, source separation and signal distortion are analyzed. The feedforward BSS has some degree of freedom, and the output spectrum can be changed. The feedforward BSS, trained in the frequency domain, has weighting effect, which can suppress signal distortion. This weighting is, however, effective only when the source spectra are similar to each other. Since, the feedforward BSS, trained in the time domain, does not have any constraints on signal distortion free, its output signals can be easily distorted. A new learning algorithm with a distortion free constraint is proposed. On the other hand, the feedback BSS can satisfy both source separation and distortion free conditions simultaneously. Simulation results support the theoretical analysis. © 2005 IEEE

Analysis of A Learning Algorithm with Distortion Free Constraint

金沢大学理工研究域　電子情報学系In Blind Source Separation (BSS), a eparation block is trained so as to make the output signals to be statistically independent. In this case, the independency is able to be increased by changing frequency response of the output signals, resulting in signal distortion. Especially, a feed-forward BSS (FF-BSS) has some degree of freedom in the separation block, and the signal distortion will be caused. The signal distortion is evaluated as difference between the output signal and the signal source in the measured signal. Some equations are derived from the conditions of complete separation and signal distortion free. They are used as the distortion free constraint in the conventional learning process [11]. On the other hand, a feedback BSS (FB-BSS) has a solution, which can satisfy both complete separation and distortion free. In this paper, the learning algorithm with the distortion free constraint is applied to the FF-BSS in time domain. Many kinds of signal sources are used in simulation in order to compare the proposed method and the conventional, in which difference between the output signals and the measured signals is included in the cost function [4]. Furthermore, the FB-BSS is also evaluated.ブラインド信号源分離では(BSS) は分離回路がその出力信号が統計的に独立になるように学習される．この場合，出力信号の周波数特性が変化することにより，独立性が高まることもあるので，信号歪みが生じる可能性がある．特に，フィードフォワード形BSS(FF-BSS)は分離回路における自由度が高く，信号歪みを生じる可能性がある．信号歪みの基準を観測信号に含まれる信号源と考え，完全分離の条件と信号無歪の条件から導かれた制約条件を学習に加味する信号歪み抑制学習法を提案した[11]．信号源をsi，観測信号をxi，出力信号をyi とするとき，信号を分離するとともにyi をxi におけるsi 成分に近づけることができる．これに対し，観測信号と出力信号の差を評価関数に追加する従来法では，観測信号に含まれる複数の信号源の影響で信号源分離が充分ではない．一方，フィードバック形BSS(FBBSS)では，信号源分離と信号歪み抑制の条件を同時に満たす回が存在する．本稿では信号歪み抑制学習法を時間領域で学習するFF-BSS に適用し，種々の信号源を 使って従来方式[4] と比較することによりその特性を解 析する．同時に，FB-BSS の有効性も検証する

A distortion free learning algorithm for feedforward BSS and its comparative study with feedback BSS

金沢大学理工研究域　電子情報学系Source separation and signal distortion are theoretically analyzed for the FF-BSS systems implemented in both the time and frequency domains and the FB-BSS system. The FF-BSS systems have some degree of freedom, and cause some signal distortion. The FB-BSS has a unique solution for complete separation and distortion free. Next, the condition for complete separation and distortion free is derived for the FF-BSS systems. This condition is applied to the learning algorithms. Computer simulations by using speech signals and stationary colored signals are carried out for the conventional methods and the new learning algorithms employing the proposed distortion free constraint. The proposed method can drastically suppress signal distortion, while maintaining high separation performance. The FB-BSS system also demonstrates good performances. The FF-BSS systems and the FB-BSS system are compared based on the transmission time difference in the mixing process. Location of the signal sources and the sensors are rather limited in the FB-BSS system. © 2006 IEEE

A distortion free learning algorithm for feedforward BSS and its comparative study with feedback BSS

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科Source separation and signal distortion are theoretically analyzed for the FF-BSS systems implemented in both the time and frequency domains and the FB-BSS system. The FF-BSS systems have some degree of freedom, and cause some signal distortion. The FB-BSS has a unique solution for complete separation and distortion free. Next, the condition for complete separation and distortion free is derived for the FF-BSS systems. This condition is applied to the learning algorithms. Computer simulations by using speech signals and stationary colored signals are carried out for the conventional methods and the new learning algorithms employing the proposed distortion free constraint. The proposed method can drastically suppress signal distortion, while maintaining high separation performance. The FB-BSS system also demonstrates good performances. The FF-BSS systems and the FB-BSS system are compared based on the transmission time difference in the mixing process. Location of the signal sources and the sensors are rather limited in the FB-BSS system. © 2006 IEEE