Reconstructive Platform for Local Communities Damaged by Nuclear Disaster: A Proposal

AbstractThis paper aims to propose accumulation of information of the affected area by using ICT for reconstruction of the affected communities by the nuclear plant disaster. Such information is accumulated from local governments and inhabitants of towns in the evacuated zone. Goal of the platform proposed herein is to combine information retained by the local governments and memories retained by the inhabitants, and to create environment similar to actual towns in virtual world. Accumulation method of memories is discussed with consideration of results of the inhabitants’ survey and based on cognitive psychology theory. Specifically, accumulation of individuals’ memories is emphasized, and application of life log and social graph is proposed. Accumulating information and memories help create documents for local governments’ recovery planning and good educational materials to evoke memories of the separated inhabitants. It is indicated that by the separated inhabitants learning the accumulated digital archives, identity can be formed

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Intracellular Organelles in the Young Odontoblasts of Rats

Intracellular structures of the odontoblasts were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a modified AODO (aldehyde prefixed-osmium-DMSO-osmium) method. Well-developed flattened and layered rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum), paved with its associated ribosomes on its outer surface, were clearly observed in the odontoblast. Branched tubular mitochondria with nodules and swollen endings, interposing between and passing through the fenestrated layered rER, were demonstrated in the functional cells. Oblique and cross-sections of both the rER system and tubular mitochondria showed orthodox configurations similar to those usually described in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Many finger-like projections constructing the cristae directing towards the inner mitochondrial chamber were observed, and external chamber extending into the tubular cristae was also demonstrated

Effects of water temperature on feeding and growth of juvenile marbled flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae under laboratory conditions: evaluation by group- and individual-based methods

To determine the optimal temperature for juvenile (0 year old) marbled flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, juveniles of 40–54 mm standard length were reared at six temperature conditions in the range of 8–26 °C, using group- and individual-based methods. Growth of juveniles increased from 8 to 20 °C but decreased from 20 to 26 °C, irrespective of the rearing method used. Food intake was greatest at 20 and 24 °C compared with other temperatures, while feed conversion efficiency was greater at 20 °C than 24 °C in individual rearing. Individual rearing provided more information such as individual variations in growth and food consumption, suggesting the importance of individual-based experiments for exploring the optimal temperature for fish.This study was partly supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan.Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12562-016-1053-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

SuperDARN future plan for Phase X JARE project

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Special session: [S] Future plan of Antarctic research: Towards phase X of the Japanese Antarctic Research Project (2022-2028) and beyond, Tue. 3 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor) at National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR

Ecological characteristics of Ecklonia cava ssp. kurome (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in the western Seto Inland Sea I. biomass, production rates and morphological diversity

クロメは瀬戸内海中央・西部海域に唯一分布するアラメ・カジメ類であり，藻場の構成種として極めて重要である。本報では2012～13年に瀬戸内海西部（平郡島，片島，屋代島）で調査したクロメの現存量，生産量などの諸元を取りまとめた。優占群落における繁茂期（6～7月）の平均現存量は0.7～1.3kg乾重 m-2であり，成体の平均密度はおおむね10～20個体m-2であった。片島と屋代島・松ヶ鼻において，葉状部のマーキング法で測定した生産量は，繁茂期に10.4～15.6g乾重m-2日-1，衰退期（10～11月）に1.8～5.3g乾重m-2日-1，成長期（2～3月）に5.8～12.9g乾重m-2日-1 であり，本海域のクロメは太平洋や東シナ海のクロメおよび近縁のカジメと同程度の生産力を有していた。繁茂期の成体の茎長や中央葉の長さと幅の比，PPNI値等には調査地間で有意な差異があり，クロメの形態にはそれぞれの生育環境を反映すると推測される多様性がみとめられた。Ecklonia cava ssp. kurome is the only perennial kelp which is distributed in the central and western areas of the Seto Inland Sea, and is an important component of macroalgal beds in these areas. Biomass and production rates of this species were surveyed at three islands (Heigun-jima Is., Kata-shima Is. and Yashiro-jima Is.) in the western Seto Inland Sea during 2012–13. The mean biomass of dominant stands in the luxuriant season (June–July) ranged from 0.7 to 1.3 kg DW m-2 and the mean adult thallus density was approximately in the range of 10–20 inds. m-2. Net production was estimated by the leaf-marking method at Kata-shima Is. and Matsu-ga-hana in Yashiro-jima Is. Estimated production rates were 10.4–15.6 g DW m-2 d-1 in the luxuriant season, 1.8–5.3 g DW m-2 d-1 in the senescent season (October–November), and 5.8–12.9 g DW m-2 d-1 in the growth season (February–March). These trends were similar to those for E. cava ssp. kurome and its closely related E. cava ssp. cava reported in the Pacific Ocean and East China Sea, respectively. Morphological characteristics, such as stipe length, length/width ratio of the central blade and the primary pinna number index (PPNI) of adult E. cava ssp. kurome thalli exhibited significant differences in the luxuriant season among the survey sites, which reflected variable environmental conditions in their habitats.本研究は，水産庁「地球温暖化対策推進費委託事業」のうち「藻場・干潟の炭素吸収源評価と吸収機能向上技術の開発」（平成23，24年度）の一環として実施し， とりまとめにあたってはJSPS科研費18H02268（代表者；吉田吾郎）の助成を受けた

瀬戸内海における株サイズと群落構造の異なるアマモの生産量 : 2012年繁茂期の生産量

2012年６月に瀬戸内海の３つのアマモ場の，それぞれ異なる株サイズと群落構造を示す計7地点のアマモ群落において生産量を測定，比較した。株あたりの生産量は株サイズに依存し，大きい株が相対的に低い密度で生育する生野島（広島県；安芸灘）のアマモ場で50.0-73.2 mg DW shoot -1 d-1であり，小さい株が密生する平郡島（山口県；伊予灘）の株あたり生産量（7.7-27.4 mg DW shoot -1 d-1）より大きかった。面積あたり生産量において，株あたり生産量の差は株密度により相殺される傾向もみられたが，生野島のアマモ場の生産量（2.89-5.38 g DW m-2 d-1）の方が平郡島のアマモ場の生産量(1.63-2.56 g DW m-2 d-1) よりも大きかった。これら２つのアマモ場では底質に大きな相違がみられ，アマモの群落構造や生産量に影響を与えていると考えられた。すなわち，生野島の底質はほとんど泥により構成され有機物含量も高い一方で，平郡島の底質は中砂・細砂を中心に構成されより厳しい波浪環境を反映していた。 2011年秋季のアイゴの食害による消失から回復途上にある阿波島（広島県；安芸灘）のアマモ場では新たに発芽した実生由来の株がパッチ状の群落を作り，株密度も現存量も低かった。調査した群落の中で生産量は最も低かったが(0.60 g DW m-2 d-1)，その現存量回転率（6.5％ d-1）は，他群落（1.7-3.3％ d-1）のそれよりも大きかった。In June 2012, production was measured and compared among Zostera marina stands with different shoot sizes and stand structures, at a total of seven stations in three Z. marina beds in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Production per shoot depended on the shoot size, and was larger (50.9 - 73.2 mg DW shoot -1 d-1) at the stands in the bed of Ikuno-shima Is. (Hiroshima Pref.; Aki-Nada Sea), where large shoots formed stands with lower densities, than at stands in the bed of Heigun-jima Is. (Yamaguchi Pref.; Suo-Nada Sea) (7.7 - 27.4 mg DW shoot -1 d-1) where small shoots exhibited higher densities. Though the areal production estimated was compensated by shoot density, it was still larger at the bed of Ikunoshima Is. (2.89-5.38 g DW m-2 d-1) than at Heigun-jima Is. (1.63 - 2.56 g DW m-2 d-1). Sediment characteristics were quite different between the two Z. marina beds and considered to affect the stand structures and productivity, i.e., the sediment at Ikuno-shima Is. was muddy and rich in organic matter and the sediment at Heigun-jima Is. was dominated by sand indicating severer physical conditions induced by waves. In Aba-shima Is. (Hiroshima Pref.; Aki-Nada Sea), the third research site, the Z. marina bed was on the way of recovery after catastrophic damage due to heavy grazing of rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens) which had occurred in autumn of 2011, and young shoots developed from seeds forming a patchy stand with a low shoot density and biomass. Though the production was lowest (0.60 g DW m-2 d-1), the turnover of the biomass was higher (6.5 % d-1) at the stand in Aba-shima Is. than values (1.7-3.3% d-1) at the other two beds.This study was partially funded by the project of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries ‘Technology development for circulatory food production systems responsive to climate change’

Characteristics of macroalgal vegetation along the coasts of Yashiro and Heigun islands, western Seto Inland Sea, Japan : especially, on the vertical distribution patterns of species of Sargassum and Ecklonia

瀬戸内海西部の伊予灘と広島湾の島嶼（屋代島，平郡島）で，大型褐藻のホンダワラ類（ヒバマタ目ホンダワラ科）とクロメ（コンブ目レッソニア科）により形成される藻場の特性を調べた。対象とした藻場は，自然岩礁域およびそれに付帯する礫集積域に形成されているものが8か所，投石による人工礁に形成されているものが3か所であり，ライントランセクト法により植生の垂直構造を明らかにし，そこにみられる法則性と環境要因との関係について考察した。調査では計85種の海藻を確認し，そのうちホンダワラ類についてはヒジキ，ノコギリモク，アカモク，ジョロモク，ホンダワラ等の計14種をみとめた。総じて，ホンダワラ類は潮間帯から水深4m 程度までで優占し，クロメは14mを下限にホンダワラ類より深所まで分布した。しかし，平郡島南岸や屋代島南岸では，浅所の岩盤上部にクロメ，その下部の漂砂影響域や礫集積域にホンダワラ類が生育し，植生の垂直構造が逆転している場合もみとめられた。人工礁上では，おおむね自然岩礁・礫集積域と類似した植生が形成されていたが，特に屋代島北岸（広島湾側）では深所で沈積浮泥の影響がみとめられ，クロメの生育は不良であるか植生から欠落していた。藻場の環境特性と植生の関係を解析した結果，平均水深が浅い藻場ではホンダワラ類の平均被度が大きくなり，海底傾斜が大きい藻場ではクロメの平均被度が大きくなる傾向がみとめられた。Characteristics of macroalgal beds composed of sargassaceous plants (Fucales, Phaeophyta) and Ecklonia kurome (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) were surveyed at Yashiro and Heigun islands in the western Seto Inland Sea (Iyo-nada Sea and Hiroshima Bay areas). The surveyed macroalgal beds were located on 8 natural rocky or boulder shores and 3 subtidal stone-built artificial reefs. A transect was set at each bed between the upper and lower limits of the macroalgal vegetation to investigate vertical distribution patterns of the constituent species. Eighty-five macroalgal species were recognized in total, and among those, 14 sargassaceous species, such as Sargassum fusiforme, S. macrocarpum, S. horneri, S. fulvellum and Myagropsis myagroides, were found. In general, sargassaceous plants were dominant from the intertidal to 4 m depth, and E. kurome distributed in deeper zones than sargassaceous plants, down to 14 m at the deepest. However, in some beds on the southern coasts of the islands, this vertical pattern was reversed. Ecklonia grows on rocky substrata which was stable and free from the effects of sand action, though sargassaceous plants grow on boulders distributed in zones deeper than the Ecklonia zones. On artificial reefs, similar vegetation with those on natural substrata was established. On reefs of the northern coast of Yashiro Is. (Hiroshima Bay area), however, sedimentation on substrata prevented the growth of Ecklonia. In the correlation analysis between physical characteristics and vegetation of the beds, there is a tendency that mean coverage of sargassaceous plants of the beds is higher as the mean depth of the beds becomes shallower, and that mean coverage of Ecklonia is higher as the slope of the beds becomes steeper.本現地調査は，農林水産省プロジェクト研究「地球温暖化が水産分野に与える影響評価と適応技術の開発」（平成22―24年度）および水産庁「藻場・干潟の炭素吸収源評価と吸収機能向上技術の開発」（平成23，24年度）の一環として実施し，とりまとめにあたってはJSPS科研費25450267の助成を受けたものである

Ecological traits and their diversities of five Zostera marina populations in and around Hiroshima Bay, the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

広島湾および周辺海域の5カ所の生育地のアマモZostera marinaの生態的特性を2004年の繁茂期に調査した。調査場所は広島湾奥部の阿品（St.1），同湾央部の大黒神島（St.2），同湾口部の屋代島（St.3），柳井湾奥部の伊保庄（St.4），および同湾外部に位置する平郡島（St.5）である。アマモの分布水深は生育地により異なり，St.1，St.2では海底でのアオサ類等の堆積により，分布下限水深は1-2m（C.D.L. 基準）までである一方，他の生育地では4-6mまで分布した。アマモの平均現存量は120-180g DWm-2の範囲にあったが，アマモの株のサイズと密度は生育地により異なっていた。平均株密度は生育地により88-278 shoots m-2の範囲であり，St.3およびSt.5では特に浅所で小型の株が密生した。これらの群落では，総現存量に占める地下部現存量の割合が相対的に大きかった。一方，湾奥部に位置するSt.1とSt.4では，アマモの株は大型である一方生育密度は低かった。群落内の底質の粒度組成の相違から，波浪流動等の物理的環境が生育地間で異なることが示唆され，それぞれの場所のアマモの生態的特性はその影響を受けていると考えられた。Ecological traits of five Zostera marina populations in and around Hiroshima Bay were investigated in a luxuriant season of 2004. Study sites were located at the most inner (Ajina; St.1), center (O-kurokami-jima; St. 2) and near the mouth area (northern coast of Yahiro-jima; St. 3) of Hiroshima Bay, and at the inner area (Ihono-sho; St. 4) and the outside (Heigun-jima; St.5) of Yanai Bay which is the strait adjacent to Hiroshima Bay. The distribution depth (C.D.L.) was different among the populations. The lower depth of Zostera distribution was limited to 1-2 m at St.1 and 2 by algal-mat of Ulva spp. and other macroalgae, though it was 4-6 m at St. 3-5. Mean biomass was ranged in 120-180g DWm-2, but shoot size and density was different among the populations. Mean density ranged between 88-278 shoots m-2, and the populations at St.3 and 5 exhibited higher densities with smaller shoots especially in shallow stands of the two population. These stands also exhibited higher proportion of below-ground biomass to total biomass. On the contrary, populations in inner areas (St. 1 and 4) exhibited lower density with larger shoots. Physical conditions such as water motion induced by waves were different among the habitats which were shown in grain size compositions of the sediments, and this could affect the ecological traits of each Z. marina population.本調査は，水産庁委託「生物多様性に配慮したアマモ場造成技術開発調査事業」（平成16～18年度）の一環として実施されたものである

Вклад А.А.Вагина в развитие советской методики преподавания истории

В работе рассматривается вклад ученого-методиста Алексея Алексеевича Вагина в развитие советской методики преподавания истории в общеобразовательных школах