Fishes of the high altitude of the Himalayas and Central Asia

From south-weat China (Yunnan) in the east to Seistan in the west one finds a uniform fish fauna, which consists of the Schizothoracine carp trouts, Nemachilus, and allied loaches and of Glyptasternoid cat-fishes. Though in general died to the Indian fauna, it appears to have diverged fmm the Indian fauna during the Pleistocene glaciation. The high altitude fishes sra edapted to live in torrential waters tthrough a torpedo-shaped or gestly depressed body form and the reduotion of scales when oresent. Some forms have beaome seoondaril"v adanted & to lakes oonditiona of life at high altitudes

Notes on Fishes in the Indian Museum.XLVII. Revision of the glyptosternoid fishes of the family sisoridae with description of new genera and species

In 1922, while discussing the structural modifications of the fish of mountain torrents, in a foot note, one of us' suggested certain nomenclatonal changes in the Glyptosternoid gronp of the Sisorid fishes, and therehy restricted the use of the generic name Glyptostemum McClelland to the species in which " the first ray of the pectoral and ventral fins soft and pinnate, giving off soft pointed cartilaginous rays along the anterior margin ; which are enveloped in the membrane of the fin"

Evolution and distribution of Glyptosternoid fishes of the family Sisoridae (Order: Siluroidea).

Glyptosternoid fishes, like the Homalopteridae, got dispersed along certain routes aided by the exigences of nature. As explained above, their distribution has been effected in a series of waves, which probably synchronized with the glaciation periods of the Pleistocene when precipitation was higher and rate of evaporation low thus giving rise to more perennial torrential streams in the hilly region

"Colliding beam" enhancement mechanism of deuteron-deuteron fusion reactions in matter

We suggest a ``ping-pong'' mechanism of enhancement for fusion reactions between a low energy external deuteron beam and the deuterons in a condensed matter or molecular target. The mechanism is based on the possibility of acceleration of a target deuteron by the Coulomb field of a projectile deuteron with its subsequent rebound from a heavy atom in matter and the following fusion of the two deuterons moving towards each other. This effectively converts the fixed target process into a colliding beam reaction. In a simple limiting case this reduces the negative penetrability exponent by a factor of $\sqrt{2}$. We also discuss a contribution given by ``zero oscillations'' of a bound target deuteron. The proposed mechanism is expected to be efficient in compounds with target deuterons localized in the vicinity of heavy atoms.Comment: 4 page

Infrared Observations of the Helix Planetary Nebula

We have mapped the Helix (NGC 7293) planetary nebula (PN) with the IRAC instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The Helix is one of the closest bright PNs and therefore provides an opportunity to resolve the small-scale structure in the nebula. The emission from this PN in the 5.8 and 8 μm IRAC bands is dominated by the pure rotational lines of molecular hydrogen, with a smaller contribution from forbidden line emission such as [Ar III] in the ionized region. The IRAC images resolve the "cometary knots," which have been previously studied in this PN. The "tails" of the knots and the radial rays extending into the outer regions of the PN are seen in emission in the IRAC bands. IRS spectra on the main ring and the emission in the IRAC bands are consistent with shock-excited H_2 models, with a small (~10%) component from photodissociation regions. In the northeast arc, the H_2 emission is located in a shell outside the Hα emission

The nebulae around LBVs: a multiwavelength approach

We present first results of our study of a sample of Galactic LBV, aimed to contribute to a better understanding of the LBV phenomenon, by recovering the mass-loss history of the central object from the analysis of its associated nebula. Mass-loss properties have been derived by a synergistic use of different techniques, at different wavelengths, to obtain high-resolution, multi-wavelength maps, tracing the different emitting components coexisting in the stellar ejecta: the ionized/neutral gas and the dust. Evidence for asymmetric mass-loss and observational evidence of possible mutual interaction between gas and dust components have been observed by the comparison of mid-IR (Spitzer/IRAC, VLT/VISIR) and radio (VLA) images of the nebulae, while important information on the gas and dust composition have been derived from Spitzer/IRS spectra.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. To appear in proceedings of 39th Liege International Astrophysical Colloquium: The multi-wavelength view of Hot, Massive Star

Development of Stilling Basin Models with Appurtenances

This research paper describes about the experimental work leading to the sustainable  hydraulic structures by developing new stilling basin model as compared to USBR VI stilling basin model for pipe outlet using with sills.  The experimental study was carried out for three Froude numbers namely 3.85, 2.85 and 1.85 for non-circular pipe outlet. Performance index (PI) has been used to evaluate the performance of stilling basin models tested using same sand base material and test run time. The scour pattern was measured for each test run and flow pattern was also observed.  After 21 tests runs, it was found that the performance of stilling basin model improved even by reducing the length of basin from 8.4 d to 6 d by introducing  intermediate sill of square cross section along with USBR VI impact wall and end sill. Performance of this model was found to be better than USBR VI impact basin for similar flow condition at reduced length of 6 d from 8.4d where d is the equivalent diameter of pipe outlet

Expanded Very Large Array Observations of the Nebula Around G79.29+0.46

We have observed the radio nebula surrounding the Galactic luminous blue variable candidate G79.29+0.46 with the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA) at 6 cm. These new radio observations allow a morphological comparison between the radio emission, which traces the ionized gas component, and the mid-IR emission, a tracer of the dust component. The InfraRed Array Camera (8 μm) and the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (24 μm and 70 μm) images have been reprocessed and compared with the EVLA map. We confirm the presence of a second shell at 24 μm and also provide evidence for its detection at 70 μm. The differences between the spatial morphology of the radio and mid-IR maps indicate the existence of two dust populations, the cooler one emitting mostly at longer wavelengths. Analysis of the two dusty, nested shells have provided us with an estimate of the characteristic timescales for shell ejection, providing important constraints for stellar evolutionary models. Finer details of the ionized gas distribution can be appreciated thanks to the improved quality of the new 6 cm image, most notably the highly structured texture of the nebula. Evidence of interaction between the nebula and the surrounding interstellar medium can be seen in the radio map, including brighter features that delineate regions where the shell structure is locally modified. In particular, the brighter filaments in the southwest region appear to frame the shocked southwestern clump reported from CO observations