The Cost Of Reinforcement: Selection On Flower Color In Allopatric Populations Of Phlox Drummondii*

Reinforcement is the process by which increased reproductive isolation between incipient species evolves due to selection against maladaptive hybrids or costly hybrid mating. Reinforcement is predicted to create a pattern of greater prezygotic reproductive isolation in regions where the two species co-occur, sympatry, than in allopatry. Although most research on reinforcement focuses on understanding the evolutionary forces acting in sympatry, here we consider what prevents the alleles conferring greater reproductive isolation from spreading into allopatry. We investigate flower color divergence in the wildflower Phlox drummondii, which is caused by reinforcement in the regions sympatric with its congener Phlox cuspidata. Specifically, we performed common garden field experiments and pollinator observations to estimate selection acting on flower color variation in allopatry. We combine our estimates of maternal and paternal fitness using simulations and predict how flower color alleles migrating from sympatry will evolve in allopatry. Our results suggest that strong pollinator preference for the ancestral flower color in allopatry can maintain divergence between allopatric and sympatric populations.Integrative Biolog

Open Source or Off-the-Shelf?:Establishing an institutional repository for a small institution

Effective management of digital assets as well as increasing research exposure and impact are particular challenges faced by smaller institutions with limited infrastructure and resources. The paper explores the significant factors involved in considering, planning and establishing an institutional repository for Bond University, one of the smaller higher education providers in Australia. The salient benefits and advantages as well as the disadvantages of implementing an off-the-shelf product as opposed to an open source solution for an institutional repository are compared. The rationale for choosing a proprietary product over an open source solution is discussed, as well as the process for obtaining funding and the support of key stakeholders within the University. The paper describes the strategies employed to populate the repository retrospectively and to train academic staff and researchers in self-archiving. The development of policy governing the repository and intellectual property and copyright implications are also covered. Background on Bond Universit

Protostellar Feedback in Turbulent Fragmentation: Consequences for Stellar Clustering and Multiplicity

Stars are strongly clustered on both large (~pc) and small (~binary) scales, but there are few analytic or even semi-analytic theories for the correlation function and multiplicity of stars. In this paper we present such a theory, based on our recently-developed semi-analytic framework called MISFIT, which models gravito-turbulent fragmentation, including the suppression of fragmentation by protostellar radiation feedback. We compare the results including feedback to a control model in which it is omitted. We show that both classes of models robustly reproduce the stellar correlation function at >0.01 pc scales, which is well approximated by a power-law that follows generally from scale-free physics (turbulence plus gravity) on large scales. On smaller scales protostellar disk fragmentation becomes dominant over common core fragmentation, leading to a steepening of the correlation function. Multiplicity is more sensitive to feedback: we found that a model with the protostellar heating reproduces the observed multiplicity fractions and mass ratio distributions for both Solar and sub-Solar mass stars (in particular the brown dwarf desert), while a model without feedback fails to do so. The model with feedback also produces an at-formation period distribution consistent with the one inferred from observations. However, it is unable to produce short-range binaries below the length scale of protostellar disks. We suggest that such close binaries are produced primarily by disk fragmentation and further decrease their separation through orbital decay.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, submitted to MNRA

The Politics of Hydropower in Laos

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제지역학전공), 2022.2. Erik Mobrand.The construction of big dams in Laos has accelerated rapidly in recent years, with hydropower positioned as a central component of the country’s development ambitions. This thesis seeks to explain the rise in big dam building in Laos, framed within the broader context of development in the region. It argues that contemporary dam building in Laos differs considerably from twentieth-century models of hydropower development, in which dams were viewed as instruments of state power. Instead, dam building in Laos is differentiated by two key factors: growing regional economic integration, and the involvement of a broader set of foreign and private actors in financing and building big dams. These changes are reflective of shifts in the conditions under which societies pursue development, and also draw attention to the increasing emergence of regionalism in Asia.라오스의 대형 댐 건설은 최근 몇 년간 급속히 가속화되었으며 수력 발전은 라오스의 개발 야망의 중심 요소로 자리잡고 있다. 이런한 현상을 배경으로, 본 논문은 라오스의 더 넓은 개발 맥락 안에서의 대형 댐 건설의 증가를 설명하고자 한다. 이를 통해 라오스의 현대 건설 모델이 댐 건설을 국가 전력의 도구로 여겼던 20세기 수력 발전 모델과는 상당히 다르다는 것을 주장 하고 있다. 대신에, 라오스의 댐 건설은 지역 경제 통합의 증가와 대규모 댐 건설과 자금 조달에 더 넓은 외국 및 민간 주체들의 참여라는 두 가지 핵심 요소로 차별화된다. 이러한 변화는 사회가 발전을 추구하는 여건의 변화를 반영하며, 아시아에 지역주의가 대두되는 것에 주목한다.Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 3 I. Introduction 5 1. Research problem 5 2. Research framework 6 3. Structure of the thesis 9 4. Limitations 11 II. Dam-building and development in the twentieth century 13 1. Statist approaches to development 13 2. Challenging state-led development 18 3. Developmental states and the revival of the statist approach 22 4. The shortcomings of a state-market dichotomy 26 5. Dams and development in the Mekong region 32 III. Dam building in Laos 34 1. Dams and development in modern Laos 34 2. Energy governance in Laos 42 3. Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy hydropower project 47 4. Beyond national development: "global development" in Laos 51 5. Big dam building and "deep marketisation" 55 IV. Conclusion 60 Bibliography 63석

Senate speaks for students

Much comment and criticism has arisen in the past few weeks concerning the responsibilities of the Student Senate in representing the opinions of the student body

Demonstrating in the Classroom Ideas of Frequency Response

One of the most persistently difficult concepts to communicate to students is that of “frequency response”, because it spans both the frequency-domain and the time-domain. This paper presents a Matlab®-based graphical method of demonstrating several important relationships among pole/zero locations, Bode plot (i.e., Fourier transform), and time-domain sinusoidal response. The author has been using this method successfully for several years in a variety of systemsrelated courses to help students understand these relationships. The software is also easily available to students, so they may reconstruct classroom demonstrations, and do much more. In the demonstrations, Bode magnitude and phase plots are programmatically linked to plots of the pole/zero map and of the time-domain sinusoidal response. The frequency of the stimulus sinusoid can easily be changed in any one of the plots, with the change automatically propagated to all the other plots. All of the plots have interactive capability, and display much more information than simple line graphs. These plots are used to enhance discussion of (1) minima and maxima in the Bode magnitude plot and their relations hip to pole/zero locations, (2) graphical (vector) analysis of the Fourier transform, (3) steady-state response versus transient response, (4) steady-state magnitude and phase and their relationship to the Bode plots, and (5) phase-lead and phase- lag. Complete details of the method are presented. The software is available on the web, and is free if used only for educational purposes