Unexpected nucleophilic participation and rearrangement of DBU in reactions with saccharin derivatives

DBU attacks saccharin derivatives with subsequent rearrangement to give rise to 3-[3'-(1"-azepin-2"-onyl)propylamino]-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide 2 after work-up

THE SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF FIVE COMMERCIAL INSECTICIDES ON THE AMYLOLYTIC AND PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE BIOCONTROL AGENT, HABROBRACON HEBETOR SAY (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE)

Habrobracon hebetor Say is an important biological control agent that has a wide range of lepidopteran hosts, especially from the Noctuidae and Pyralidae families. Nutrition is a very important element in the efficiency of natural enemies in integrated pest management (IPM). In the presented research, the sublethal effects of five selected chemical and botanical insecticides, fenvalerate, propargite, buprofezin, dayabon and palizin, on the activity of amylase and protease enzymes in the midgut of this important ectoparasitoid wasp were studied under laboratory conditions. Changes in the activity of enzymes were investigated by LC30 treatment of the female wasps, which were 0.14, 7.01, 3.04, 9.58 and   2.53 mg a.i./mL, respectively. The obtained results showed that this parasitoid wasp has a long midgut in its digestive tract. Also, there were significant differences among the enzymatic treatments (F5,12 =14.695 and 99.278) except protein concentration (F5,12 = 0.670). Regarding the amylase enzyme, the highest and lowest activities were obtained in the control and fenvalerate treatment (0.0435±0.0023 mU/mg vs. 0.0277±0.0010 mU/mg). In addition, the highest proteolytic activity was observed in the control (4.9817±0.0268 U/mg) and the lowest in the propargite treatment (3.2231±0.0917 U/mg). By closely investigating the results, dayabon and palizin showed the lowest negative effects on the enzymes and could be applied together with this parasitoid wasp in IPM designs

Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of 4-(4-Amino-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-methylene)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one

4-(4-Amino-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-methylen)-2-phenyl-1(3H)-imidazol-5-one (5) was synthesized in four steps in high yield. Benzimidinium chloride (1) reacted with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to afford 2-phenyl-4-methoxycarbonylmethylen-1(3H)-imidazol-5-one (2) which was converted to 2-phenyl-4-hydrazinecarbonylmethylen-1(3H)-imidazol-5-one (3) using hydrazine hydrate in methanol. Furthermore, the reaction of (3) with carbon disulfide afforded compound (4) which can be used without further purification to achieve compound (5) using hydrazine hydrate

Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of 4-(4-Amino-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-methylene)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one

4-(4-Amino-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-methylen)-2-phenyl-1(3H)-imidazol-5-one (5) was synthesized in four steps in high yield. Benzimidinium chloride (1) reacted with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to afford 2-phenyl-4-methoxycarbonylmethylen-1(3H)-imidazol-5-one (2) which was converted to 2-phenyl-4-hydrazinecarbonylmethylen-1(3H)-imidazol-5-one (3) using hydrazine hydrate in methanol. Furthermore, the reaction of (3) with carbon disulfide afforded compound (4) which can be used without further purification to achieve compound (5) using hydrazine hydrate

Theoretical Determination of Molecular Weight of AB2 Dendrimers

The Molecular weight of any AB2 type dendrimers were calculated by suggested theoretical equation. The results were compared with the data reported by others. It was found that there are no remarkable differences between the calculated and reported data