What the General Lawyer Should Know about the Patent Lawyer’s Specialty

I. Introduction … A. What Is a Patent? … B. Territorial Scope … C. Constitutional and Legislative Foundation II. Application for a Patent … A. What Subject Matter Is Patentable? … B. Who May Apply for a Patent? … C. Patent Office Procedure … D. Priority … E. Patent Ownership … F. Patent Marking … G. What Rights May a Patent Owner Exercise? III. Infringement … A. Written Record and Physical Evidence as “Insurance” Policies … B. Outside Submissions … C. Patents and Applications as Defensive Material … D. Reissue of Patent IV. Other Protection for Industrial Property … A. Design Patents … B. Plant Patents … C. Trademarks … D. Copyright V. Conclusio

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Vaccination of small cell lung cancer patients with polysialic acid or N-propionylated polysialic acid conjugated to KLH.

NRC publication: Ye