Measuring Liquefied Residual Strength Using Full-Scale Shake Table Cyclic Simple Shear Tests

This research consists of full-scale cyclic shake table tests to investigate liquefied residual strength of #2/16 Monterey Sand. A simple shear testing apparatus was mounted to a full-scale one-dimensional shake table to mimic a confined layer of saturated sand subjected to strong ground motions. Testing was performed at the Parson’s Geotechnical and Earthquake Laboratory at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. T-bar penetrometer pullout tests were used to measure residual strength of the liquefied soil during cyclic testing. Cone Penetration Testing (CPT) was performed on the soil specimen throughout testing to relate the laboratory specimen to field index test data and to compare CPT results of the #2/16 Monterey sand before and after liquefaction. The generation and dissipation of excess pore pressures during cyclic motion are measured and discussed. The effects of liquefied soil on seismic ground motion are investigated. Measured residual strengths are compared to previous correlations comparing liquefied residual strength ratios and CPT tip resistance

Proximal Strength and Functional Testing Applicable to Patellofemoral Instability: A Preliminary Study

Background: Much of the current literature around risk factors for patellar instability directs attention to anatomical/structural features such as femoral antero-version, patellar alignment, Q-angle, and MPFL disruption. There is limited research indicating clinically relevant tests to identify functional and strength-associated risk factors for patients with patellar instability. Purpose: To determine reliability and validity of lower extremity functional tests applicable to patients with patellofemoral instability in a healthy control group. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects underwent hip strength, endurance, and lower extremity functional tests on their dominant and non-dominant lower extremities. Hip abduction, extension, and external rotation strength were assessed with hand-held dynamometry utilizing reinforcing straps. Functional endurance tests were assessed bilaterally. Functional assessments were videotaped and assessed at a later date. Each subject completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to determine his or her weekly activity levels. Independent t-tests were used to assess differences between subjects who tested positive versus negative on the functional tests. Inter-rater reliability for functional tests was assessed using kappa and Pearson correlations were used to assess relationships among the strength, endurance, and functional tests. Results: Inter-rater reliability for the single leg squat and step down test was determined to have fair-moderate agreement among 5 raters. The side plank endurance test was significantly lower for subjects who were positive for knee medial to toe on the single leg squat test. Low correlations were found between hip strength and functional endurance testing. Scores on the IPAQ had moderate correlation with the side plank. Conclusions: Single leg squat showed adequate reliability and demonstrated good construct validity with the lateral plank endurance test. The low correlation between hip strength and functional endurance suggests that these measurements identify different aspects of muscle function in healthy controls. Given these findings, it is recommended that clinicians utilize both strength measurements and endurance tests along with lower extremity functional testing in the assessment of individuals with lower extremity dysfunction. Further testing is needed in a patient population with patellofemoral instability

Le jeu de rôle en formation: une approche de l'attitude des stagiaires

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe