An Analysis of a Nonverbal Training Program\u27s Effect Upon Business Communications Students\u27 Sensitivity to Nonverbal Facial Expressions

Problem. The problem of this study was to determine if a specific training program in nonverbal facial communication for business communications students affects their sensitivity to nonverbal facial cues. A secondary problem was to determine if there was a difference between those groups trained in nonverbal facial communication and their sensitivity to para-language and kinesics (areas that received no formal training) and groups who received no such formal training. Procedures. The study was conducted during the second semester of the 1982-83 school year. The study involved eight business communication classes, four teachers, and two post-secondary schools. Of the 202 students who participated in the study, 111 were males and 91 were females. The 110 control students were administered the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity Test (PONS) as a pretest and a posttest. The experimental groups were also given the pretest and posttest along with three 45-minute training sessions in nonverbal facial communication. The data collected from the 220-point PONS pretest and posttest were analyzed using analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. Data collected on a self-ranking score was analyzed using the Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Conclusions. The following conclusions are based on the findings which were presented in chapter 4. (1) It can be concluded that when using the methodology, materials, and population of this study that students trained in nonverbal facial communication showed no significant difference in their sensitivity to kinesic and facial nonverbal cues. (2) It can be concluded that when using the methodology, materials, and population of this study that no matter how a student ranked him/herself in decoding nonverbal cues, he/she did not perform significantly better than those who did not rank themselves as high in decoding nonverbal cues. (3) It can be concluded that when using the methodology, materials, and population of this study that males and females trained in nonverbal facial communication improved significantly in their ability to decode paralanguage cues. (4) It can be concluded that when using the methodology, materials, and population of this study that there was no significant relationship between the ranked scores in sensitivity to nonverbal cues and the PONS posttest scores

On the sound field of a point-shaped sound source in uniform translatory motion

A rigorous analysis presented of the excitation of sound by point sources moving in uniform translatory motion at subsonic or supersonic velocities through a two- or three-dimensional medium at rest. The construction of surfaces of constant phase is based upon Huyghens' principle in such a manner that the propagation in the medium at rest of the elementary waves emanating from the sound source is independent of the momentary state of motion of the sound source. Hence, characteristic traits of the sound propagation may be understood even on the basis of simple geometric constructions

Pelvic Girdle Reconstruction Based on Spinal Fusion and Ischial Screw Fixation in a Case of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

A case of lytic lesion of the pelvis in a 23-year-old woman is presented. A biopsy led to the diagnosis aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). Due to the histologically very aggressive growth of the tumor, a low malignant osteosarcoma could not be excluded. In an initial operation the tumour, affecting the sacrum, the iliac crest and the lower lumbar spine was resected. Temporary restabilisation of the pelvic ring was achieved by a titanium plate. The histological examination of the entire tumour confirmed the diagnosis ABC. After 6 months, the MRI showed no recurrence. The observed tilt of the spine to the operated side on the sacral base prompted a second surgical procedure: a transpedicular fixation of L5 and L4 was connected via bent titanium stems to the ischium, where the fixation was achieved by two screws. This construction allowed the correction of the base angle and yielded a stable closure of the pelvic ring. The patient has now been followed for 6 years: the bone grafts have been incorporated and, in spite of radiological signs of screw loosening in the ischium, the patient is fully rehabilitated and free of symptoms. Pedicle screws in the lower spine can be recommended for fixation of a pelvic ring discontinuity

Cosmological model with macroscopic spin fluid

We consider a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological model with some exotic perfect fluid with spin known as the Weyssenhoff fluid. The possibility that the dark energy may be described in part by the Weyssenhoff fluid is discussed. The observational constraint coming from supernovae type Ia observations is established. This result indicates that, whereas the cosmological constant is still needed to explain current observations, the model with spin fluid is admissible. For high redshifts $z > 1$ the differences between the model with spin fluid and the cold dark matter model with a cosmological constant become detectable observationally for the flat case with $\Omega_{\text{m},0}=0.3$. From the maximum likelihood method we obtain the value of $\Omega_{\text{s},0} = 0.004 \pm 0.016$. This gives us the limit $\Omega_{\text{s},0} > -0.012$ at the $1\sigma$ level. While the model with ``brane effects'' is preferred by the supernovae Ia data, the model with spin fluid is statistically admissible. For comparison, the limit on the spin fluid coming from cosmic microwave background anisotropies is also obtained. The uncertainties in the location of a first peak give the interval $-1.4 \times 10^{-10} < \Omega_{\text{s},0} < -10^{-10}$. From big bang nucleosynthesis we obtain the strongest limit $\Omega_{\text{s},0} \gtrsim -10^{-20}$. The interconnection between the model considered and brane models is also pointed out.Comment: RevTeX4, 15 pages, 10 figures; some minor change

Biomechanics and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

For years, bioengineers and orthopaedic surgeons have applied the principles of mechanics to gain valuable information about the complex function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The results of these investigations have provided scientific data for surgeons to improve methods of ACL reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation. This review paper will present specific examples of how the field of biomechanics has impacted the evolution of ACL research. The anatomy and biomechanics of the ACL as well as the discovery of new tools in ACL-related biomechanical study are first introduced. Some important factors affecting the surgical outcome of ACL reconstruction, including graft selection, tunnel placement, initial graft tension, graft fixation, graft tunnel motion and healing, are then discussed. The scientific basis for the new surgical procedure, i.e., anatomic double bundle ACL reconstruction, designed to regain rotatory stability of the knee, is presented. To conclude, the future role of biomechanics in gaining valuable in-vivo data that can further advance the understanding of the ACL and ACL graft function in order to improve the patient outcome following ACL reconstruction is suggested

Navigated cup implantation in hip arthroplasty: A meta-analysis

Background and purpose Many studies have suggested that navigation-based implantation can improve cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compile the best available evidence, and to overcome potential shortcomings because of small sample sizes in individual studies

Water-jet-cutting in orthopedic surgery

Bei verschiedenen orthopädischen Operationen,finden sich Probleme, die den Trennprozess betreffen: bei der mikroinvasiven Nukleotomie wird der Nukleus pulposus durch einen kleinen Arbeitskanal abgetragen. Mechanische Werkzeuge oder ein LASER erlauben keinen gewebeselektiven Materialabtrag, und bergen die Gefahr andere Gewebe, wie z.B. den Anulus fibrosus zu schädigen. Bei der Endoprothesenrevision muss gesunder Knochen geopfert werden, weil bisher bekannte Trennverfahren für den Materialabtrag im Spalt zwischen Knochen und Prothese ungeeignet sind. Bei der Endoprothesenimplantation oder der Osteotomie fehlt bisher ein athermisches Trennverfahren mit hoher geometrischer Genauigkeit. Das Trennen mit Hochdruckflüssigkeitsstrahlen hat sich u.a. beim Bearbeiten von thermosensiblen Verbundwerkstoffen bewährt. Der entscheidende Vorteil einer medizinischen DWS-Anwendung liegt in der Möglichkeit des selektiven Materialabtrags und im athermischen Trennprozess. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Eignung der DWS-Technik für operative Trennprozesse in der Orthopädie zu hinterfragen und den Materialabtragsprozess im Gewebe zu untersuchen