14 research outputs found
Reported of the Concerted Action on the Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements Noordwijk Workshop, Oktober 15-18-1998
Effect of Early Feeding on Intestinal Permeability and Inflammation Markers in Infants with Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
ObjectivesTo assess whether weaning to an extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) decreases gut permeability and/or markers of intestinal inflammation in infants with HLA-conferred diabetes susceptibility, when compared with conventional formula.Study designBy analyzing 1468 expecting biological parent pairs for HLA-conferred susceptibility for type 1 diabetes, 465 couples (32 %) potentially eligible for the study were identified. After further parental consent, 332 babies to be born were randomized at 35th gestational week. HLA genotyping was performed at birth in 309 infants. Out of 87 eligible children, 73 infants participated in the intervention study: 33 in the EHF group and 40 in the control group. Clinical visits took place at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. The infants were provided either EHF or conventional formula whenever breastfeeding was not available or additional feeding was required over the first 9 months of life. The main outcome was the lactulose to mannitol ratio (L/M ratio) at 9 months. The secondary outcomes were L/M ratio at 3, 6, and 12 months of age, and fecal calprotectin and human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) levels at each visit.ResultsCompared with controls, the median L/M ratio was lower in the EHF group at 9 months (.006 vs .028; P = .005). Otherwise, the levels of intestinal permeability, fecal calprotectin, and HBD-2 were comparable between the two groups, although slight differences in the age-related dynamics of these markers were observed.ConclusionsIt is possible to decrease intestinal permeability in infancy through weaning to an extensively hydrolyzed formula. This may reduce the early exposure to dietary antigens.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov: NCT01735123.AbbreviationsEHFExtensively hydrolyzed formula; IDDMInsulin dependent diabetes mellitus; HBD-2Human beta-defensin 2; L/MLactulose/mannitol; T1DType 1 diabetes</p
An economic valuation of Portland Bight, Jamaica: an integrated terrestrial and marine protected area
Economic valuation of an integrated terrestrial and marine protected area: Jamaica's Portland Bight
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Entry states in subbarrier fusion
The cross section for fusion of heavy ions below the Coulomb barrier can be orders of magnitude larger than the predictions of models that are quite successful above the barrier. Recent studies of ..gamma..-ray multiplicity have shown that the average l of the partial waves participating in subbarrier fusion is much higher than expected. The discrepancies become larger as the mass asymmetry of the projectile and target decreases. We have used the Spin Spectrometer in coincidence with identified products from two reactions leading to the same compound nucleus, /sup 164/Yb, to study entry-state angular-momentum effects. The reactions were /sup 64/Ni + /sup 100/Mo and /sup 16/O + /sup 148/Sm; the conditions of bombardment are listed. The O + Sm energies were chosen to match two of the Ni + Mo compound-nucleus excitation energies. Exit channels were identified by known ..gamma..-ray lines from the residual nuclei observed in six Compton-suppressed Ge detectors which replaced a like number of pentagonal NaI units of the Spin Spectrometer. Recording of events was triggered by detection of a ''clean'' Ge pulse (i.e., no ..gamma.. ray detected in its surrounding Compton shield). 10 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs
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High-spin structure of /sup 163/Lu
The ..pi..1/2/sup +/(411) ground band structure of /sup 163/Lu shows a large signature splitting with inversion above the backbend suggesting a shape change associated with the triaxiality degree of freedom. The ..pi..1/2/sup -/(541) band shows no backbending up to h bar ..omega.. = 0.4 MeV indicating a more deformed structure. 7 refs., 3 figs