Prediction of In-plane Stiffness for the Cold-formed Steel Frame of the Wall Panel Structure

The purpose of this research was to study the lateral deformation behavior of cold-formed steel wall panel structures using experimental tests, finite element analysis and analytical methods to study the lateral stiffness of these structures. The wall panel structures were tested by full-scale experiments the experimental results of which were verified by a 3D-finite element model. The verification results showed a good correlation between the experimental tests and a finite element model. The single-column spring model was proposed for an elastic lateral stiffness analysis of the cold-formed steel wall panel structures that were formed by combinations of a guide cantilever beam and springs connection. The spring constants were defined by using the stiffness of the stub-chord connection and the bending stiffness of the chord. The experiments tests and finite element analysis were used to verify this single-column spring model. The comparison results showed good agreement between the analytical prediction, finite element analysis and experimental data in the case of the primary type of cold-formed wall structure. The proposed procedure was an efficient method for elastic lateral deformation analysis of cold-formed wall panel structures which can be used for such configurations

Stiffness prediction for bolted moment-connections in cold-formed steel trusses

The purpose of this research was to study the behavior of cold-formed steel cantilever truss structures. A cantilever truss structure and bolt-moment connection were tested and verified by the 3D-finite element model. The verification results showed a good correlation between an experimental test and finite element analysis. An analytical method for elastic rotational stiffness of bolt-moment connection was proposed. The equation proposed in the analytical method was used to approximate the elastic rotational stiffness of the bolt group connection, and was also applied to the Richard-Abbott model for generating the nonlinear moment-rotation curve which modeled the semi-rigid connection stiffness. The 2D-finite element analysis was applied to study the behavior of the truss connection, caused by semi-rigid connection stiffness which caused a change of force to the truss elements. The results showed that the force in the structural members increased by between 13.62%-74.32% of the axial forces, and the bending moment decreased by between 33.05%-100%. These results strongly suggest that the semi-rigid connection between cold-formed steel cantilever truss structures should be considered in structural analysis to achieve optimum design, acknowledging this as the real behavior of the structure

Co-processing of common plastics with pistachio hulls via hydrothermal liquefaction

Mixed, wet, plastic streams containing food waste residues are being increasingly collected at point of use, but are extremely challenging to recycle and are therefore largely sent to landfill. While a challenging waste problem, this also represents an underutilised feedstock, which could be co-processed with biomass, increasing the scope of products, easing out seasonal variation in biomass production and increasing the production capacity of a traditional biorefinery. One promising method of biomass conversion is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), where lignocellulosic residues are broken down in water at high temperatures and pressures to produce a bio-crude oil, a solid residue and an aqueous fertiliser. In this study, the co-processing of common plastic waste with pistachio hulls was assessed to investigate the suitability of the HTL approach. The HTL of pistachio hulls was undertaken at 350 °C over 15 and 60 min, with four commonly used plastics: polyethylene, polypropylene, PET and nylon-6, in blends of up to 20 wt% plastic to biomass. A novel FT-IR method was developed to estimate the conversion of plastics in the system, and the product phases were fully analysed. High yields of up to 35% bio-crude were achieved, and under optimal conditions, nylon-6 and PET were found to break down almost completely in the system. PET generated numerous products that distributed predominantly into the aqueous phase; the major decomposition product of nylon-6 was found to be the monomer ∊-caprolactam, also largely partitioning into the aqueous phase. The polyolefins were less reactive; a limited degree of decomposition formed oxidised products, which distributed into the bio-crude phase. This result represents a highly promising method for waste plastic valorisation

แบบวัดภาวะผู้นำการเปลี่ยนแปลงของผู้บริหารโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษา

The objectives of this research were 1) to analyze the indicators for transformational leadership of secondary school administrators and 2) to develop the measuring instrument for transformational leadership of secondary school administrators. The research was comprised of steps as follows; firstly to determine the relevant variables for transformational leadership of secondary school administrators, secondly to determine indicators for transformational leadership of secondary school administrators, and thirdly to develop the measuring instrument quality for transformational leadership of secondary school administrators. The sample of this research consisted of 331 secondary schools in Thailand. The respondents were in the total of 662 persons which included one school administrator and one teacher of each school. The instruments used for data collection were document analysis form, semistructured interview form, and opinionnaire. The statistic used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and Exploratory Factor Analysis. The assessment of measuring instrument in validity, reliability, discrimination, and objective was carried out by the experts, administrators, and teachers. The findings of this research were as follows: 1) The indicators for transformational leadership of secondary school administrators were comprised of 8 dimensions namely; (1) idealized influence, with 10 observed variables, (2) subordinate development, with 10 observed variables, (3) visionary, with 5 observed variables, 4) achievement motivation, with 4 observed variables, (5) information and technology leadership, with 5 observed variables, (6) remuneration management, with 5 observed variables, (7) personal mastery, with 4 observed variables, and 8) inspiration, with 5 observed variables respectively. 2) a measurement instrument for transformational. Leadership of Secondary school administrators had a content validity ranging from 0.6 to 1.0, a reliability value of .985 , a discrimination of .200 to..600 and it was objectivity

Estimation of Respiratory Disease Burden Attributed to Particulate Matter from Biomass Burning in Northern Thailand Using 1-km Resolution MAIAC-AOD

The upper northern Thailand suffers from air pollution due to open burning, which has been known for a long time. It was also found that different respiratory diseases were attributed to air pollution, especially particulate matter. This study estimated the health impacts attributed to PM10 between 2014 and 2016 using the burden of disease in terms of the disability adjusted life year (DALYs). The spatial correlation was evaluated based on applicable remote sensing data using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The average measured PM10 concentrations for the summer and annual periods between 2014 and 2016 were 73 and 89 µg m-3, respectively, exceeded the national standard (50 µg m-3). In the months of March and April, when PM10 concentrations were at their highest, the maximum values of the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC-AOD), 2.70 and 3.48, were recorded.  There was a strong correlation between the MAIAC-AOD and the ground-based AOD measurements (AERONET stations), with R of 0.8468, 0.8396, and 0.8334 between 2014–2016. The correlation coefficients for the 3,208 co-located gridded of PM10 emissions vs. measured PM10, measured PM10 vs. MAIAC-AOD, and MAIAC-AOD vs. PM10 emissions were 0.6656, 0.6446, and 0.5580, respectively. The spatial correlation between the interpolated measured PM10 and 1-km MAIAC-AOD was 0.5979, 0.3741, and 0.7584 as an outcome of GWR. The total DALYs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) attributable to PM10 in 2014–2016 were 115,930 years per 100,000 population, with the relative risk of COPD related to PM10 at a 95% confidence interval of 1.2045–1.2107

Influence of socioeconomic factors on daily life activities and quality of life of Thai elderly

Background: The increasing number of older people is a significant issue in Thailand, resulted in growing demands of health and social welfare services. The study aim was to explore the influence of socioeconomic factors on activities of daily living and quality of life of Thai seniors. Design and methods: Using randomised cluster sampling, one province was sampled from each of the Central, North, Northeast and South regions, then one subdistrict sampled in each province, and a household survey used to identify the sample of 1678 seniors aged 60 years and over. The Mann-Whitney U-test and binary logistic regression were used to compare and determine the association of socioeconomic variables on quality of life and activities of daily living. Results: The findings showed that sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were significantly related to functional capacity of daily living. Education levels were strongly associated with daily life activities, with 3.55 adjusted ORs for respondents with secondary school education. Gender was important, with females comprising 61% of dependent respondents but only 47% of independent respondents. Seniors with low incomes were more likely to be anxious in the past, present and future and less likely to accept death in the late stage, with 1.40 Adjusted ORs (95%CI: 1.02-1.92), and 0.72 (95%CI: 0.53-0.98), respectively. However, they were more likely to engage in social activities. Conclusions: While socioeconomic factors strongly indicated the functional capacity to live independently, a good quality of life also required other factors leading to happiness and life satisfaction

Development of Pre-Graduation Program for Entry into Professional Nursing Practice

Pre-graduation preparation was very important for new bachelors in increasing their self-confidence and readiness for entry into professional practice in the midst of rapid change of technologies and knowledge-based society. This study aimed to develop and evaluate pre-graduation program effectiveness for entry into professional nursing practice. It involved three steps: program development, program trial and evaluation of developed program.Firstly, integrated reviews and Rungnoei’s model (2010) were used as a guideline for developing 46-hour pregraduation program.Secondly, a one group pre-test post-test design was used in program trial with a group of 60 senior nursing students. It had 10 sessions of preparation activities (30 hours).Lastly, an 8-month follow-up has been made (2 hours each month or total of 16 hours) for implementing and evaluating the developed program. The evaluation was made at the end of the program (total of 46 hours) with 2 phases: 1 and 8 month (s) after the implementation. This study also reported the program effectiveness after one-month implementation.It was revealed that total post-program mean of nursing students’ perception of self-development and professional life planning competencies was at a “good” level ( x̄ =4.14) and higher than pre-program one at statistically significant level of .01 (p=.000).Such findings could be a guideline for pre-graduation preparation. The researcher would examine the program effectiveness in longer periods (8 months) in light of increased self-development and professional life planning competencies and program satisfaction at the end of trial