98 research outputs found
Characterization of a novel bifunctional mutant of staphylokinase with platelet-targeted thrombolysis and antiplatelet aggregation activities
First Place Solution to the CVPR'2023 AQTC Challenge: A Function-Interaction Centric Approach with Spatiotemporal Visual-Language Alignment
Affordance-Centric Question-driven Task Completion (AQTC) has been proposed
to acquire knowledge from videos to furnish users with comprehensive and
systematic instructions. However, existing methods have hitherto neglected the
necessity of aligning spatiotemporal visual and linguistic signals, as well as
the crucial interactional information between humans and objects. To tackle
these limitations, we propose to combine large-scale pre-trained
vision-language and video-language models, which serve to contribute stable and
reliable multimodal data and facilitate effective spatiotemporal visual-textual
alignment. Additionally, a novel hand-object-interaction (HOI) aggregation
module is proposed which aids in capturing human-object interaction
information, thereby further augmenting the capacity to understand the
presented scenario. Our method achieved first place in the CVPR'2023 AQTC
Challenge, with a Recall@1 score of 78.7\%. The code is available at
https://github.com/tomchen-ctj/CVPR23-LOVEU-AQTC.Comment: Winner of CVPR2023 Long-form Video Understanding and Generation
Challenge (Track 3
Caenorhabditis elegans RIG-I Homolog Mediates Antiviral RNA Interference Downstream of Dicer-Dependent Biogenesis of Viral Small Interfering RNAs.
Dicer enzymes process virus-specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to initiate specific antiviral defense by related RNA interference (RNAi) pathways in plants, insects, nematodes, and mammals. Antiviral RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans requires Dicer-related helicase 1 (DRH-1), not found in plants and insects but highly homologous to mammalian retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), intracellular viral RNA sensors that trigger innate immunity against RNA virus infection. However, it remains unclear if DRH-1 acts analogously to initiate antiviral RNAi in C. elegans Here, we performed a forward genetic screen to characterize antiviral RNAi in C. elegans Using a mapping-by-sequencing strategy, we uncovered four loss-of-function alleles of drh-1, three of which caused mutations in the helicase and C-terminal domains conserved in RLRs. Deep sequencing of small RNAs revealed an abundant population of Dicer-dependent virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) in drh-1 single and double mutant animals after infection with Orsay virus, a positive-strand RNA virus. These findings provide further genetic evidence for the antiviral function of DRH-1 and illustrate that DRH-1 is not essential for the sensing and Dicer-mediated processing of the viral dsRNA replicative intermediates. Interestingly, vsiRNAs produced by drh-1 mutants were mapped overwhelmingly to the terminal regions of the viral genomic RNAs, in contrast to random distribution of vsiRNA hot spots when DRH-1 is functional. As RIG-I translocates on long dsRNA and DRH-1 exists in a complex with Dicer, we propose that DRH-1 facilitates the biogenesis of vsiRNAs in nematodes by catalyzing translocation of the Dicer complex on the viral long dsRNA precursors.IMPORTANCE The helicase and C-terminal domains of mammalian RLRs sense intracellular viral RNAs to initiate the interferon-regulated innate immunity against RNA virus infection. Both of the domains from human RIG-I can substitute for the corresponding domains of DRH-1 to mediate antiviral RNAi in C. elegans, suggesting an analogous role for DRH-1 as an intracellular dsRNA sensor to initiate antiviral RNAi. Here, we developed a forward genetic screen for the identification of host factors required for antiviral RNAi in C. elegans Characterization of four distinct drh-1 mutants obtained from the screen revealed that DRH-1 did not function to initiate antiviral RNAi. We show that DRH-1 acted in a downstream step to enhance Dicer-dependent biogenesis of viral siRNAs in C. elegans As mammals produce Dicer-dependent viral siRNAs to target RNA viruses, our findings suggest a possible role for mammalian RLRs and interferon signaling in the biogenesis of viral siRNAs
Prolonged mixed phase induced by high pressure in MnRuP
Hexagonally structured MnRuP was studied under high pressure up to 35 GPa
from 5 to 300 K using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We observed that a partial
phase transition from hexagonal to orthorhombic symmetry started at 11 GPa. The
new and denser orthorhombic phase coexisted with its parent phase for an
unusually long pressure range, {\Delta}P ~ 50 GPa. We attribute this structural
transformation to a magnetic origin, where a decisive criterion for the
boundary of the mixed phase lays in the different distances between the Mn-Mn
atoms. In addition, our theoretical study shows that the orthorhombic phase of
MnRuP remains steady even at very high pressures up to ~ 250 GPa, when it
should transform to a new tetragonal phase.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, supplementary materia
Deep Learning based 3D Segmentation: A Survey
3D object segmentation is a fundamental and challenging problem in computer
vision with applications in autonomous driving, robotics, augmented reality and
medical image analysis. It has received significant attention from the computer
vision, graphics and machine learning communities. Traditionally, 3D
segmentation was performed with hand-crafted features and engineered methods
which failed to achieve acceptable accuracy and could not generalize to
large-scale data. Driven by their great success in 2D computer vision, deep
learning techniques have recently become the tool of choice for 3D segmentation
tasks as well. This has led to an influx of a large number of methods in the
literature that have been evaluated on different benchmark datasets. This paper
provides a comprehensive survey of recent progress in deep learning based 3D
segmentation covering over 150 papers. It summarizes the most commonly used
pipelines, discusses their highlights and shortcomings, and analyzes the
competitive results of these segmentation methods. Based on the analysis, it
also provides promising research directions for the future.Comment: Under review of ACM Computing Surveys, 36 pages, 10 tables, 9 figure
Budd-Chiari Syndrome in China: A Systematic Analysis of Epidemiological Features Based on the Chinese Literature Survey
Background. Thousands of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) studies have been published in China, and yet no one has explored its incidence or prevalence in the whole country. Methods. Three most commonly used Chinese language electronic databases were searched, and epidemiological data were extracted from the selected articles. Results. By the end of 2013, 20191 BCS cases were reported in China. The mean age of BCS patients was 36.29 ± 1.28 years, and ratio of male to female was 150/100. About 80% BCS patients were distributed in Henan, Shandong, Beijing, Jiangsu, and Anhui, and all of them except for Beijing were located in the downstream areas of Yellow River and the whole Huai River basin. The incidence and prevalence of BCS in China with and without the top 5 high-prevalence areas were estimated to be 0.88/million per year and 7.69/million and 0.28/million per year and 2.21/million, respectively. Conclusions. Most BCS patients in China are distributed in the downstream areas of Yellow River and the whole Huai River basin. The incidence and prevalence are comparable to those of Western countries without taking into account the top 5 high-prevalence areas
Alteration in Oral Microbiome Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With Acute and Chronic HIV Infection on Antiretroviral Therapy
Despite the antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral disease remains a common problem for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence suggests that impairment of immune function in HIV infection might lead to the conversion of commensal bacteria to microorganisms with increased pathogenicity. However, limited information is available about alteration in oral microbiome in PLWH on ART. We performed a longitudinal comparative study on men who have sex with men (MSM) with acute HIV infection (n=15), MSM with chronic HIV infection (n=15), and HIV-uninfected MSM controls (n=15). Throat swabs were collected when these subjects were recruited (W0) and 12 weeks after ART treatment (W12) from the patients. Genomic DNAs were extracted and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Microbiome diversity was significantly decreased in patients with acute and chronic HIV infections compared with those in controls at the sampling time of W0 and the significant difference remained at W12. An increased abundance of unidentified Prevotellaceae was found in patients with acute and chronic HIV infections. Moreover, increased abundances of Prevotella in subjects with acute HIV infection and Streptococcus in subjects with chronic HIV infection were observed. In contrast, greater abundance in Lactobacillus, Rothia, Lautropia, and Bacteroides was found in controls. After effective ART, Bradyrhizobium was enriched in both acute and chronic HIV infections, whereas in controls, Lactobacillus, Rothia, Clostridia, Actinobacteria, and Ruminococcaceae were enriched. In addition, we found that lower CD4(+) T-cell counts (< 200 cells/mm(3)) were associated with lower relative abundances of Haemophilus, Actinomyces, unidentified Ruminococcaceae, and Rothia. This study has shown alteration in oral microbiome resulting from HIV infection and ART. The results obtained warrant further studies in a large number of subjects with different ethnics. It might contribute to improved oral health in HIV-infected individuals
Glt25d2 Knockout Directly Increases CD25+CD69– but Decreases CD25–CD69+ Subset Proliferation and is Involved in Concanavalin-Induced Hepatitis
Background/Aims: The elaborate structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the appropriate surface glycoforms upon it are indispensable to CD4+ T cell regulation. Methods: To explore the effects of Glcα1,2Galβ1 glycosylation mediated by GLT25D2 (Colgalt2) for CD4+ T cell regulation, we prepared C57BL/6J Glt25d2-/- mice. In the induction of hepatitis, after concanavalin A (Con A) challenge for 6, 12, and 24 h, more extensive parenchymal injury was noted in Glt25d2-/- mice than in wild-type (WT) mice at 12 h. Immunohistochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to detect GLT25D2 expression, and subsets of CD4+T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. A total of 26 cytokines in serum samples were determined using Luminex technology. Results: The trend in liver injury score variation was consistent with serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. The levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-1β, IL-9, and several chemokines such as macrophage inflammatory protein-2, eotaxin, and growth-related oncogene α were significantly increased in Glt25d2-/- mice compared with WT mice after Con A challenge. A further phenotype analysis of primary Glt25d2-/- CD4+ T cells showed that Glt25d2 knockout increased the frequency of the CD25+CD69- subset but decreased the frequency of the CD25-CD69+ subset after Con A challenge for 6, 12, and 24 h compared with those of WT CD4+ T cells. Activation-induced apoptosis was also significantly increased in Glt25d2-/- CD4+ T cells after Con A challenge compared with WT CD4+ T cells. Lectin microarray hybridization showed that Glt25d2 knockout increased the binding activity of Narcissus pseudonarcissus lectin to CD4+ T cells but Amaranthus caudatus lectin–binding activity was lost during Con A challenge. Conclusion: The present results suggest that collagen glycosylation mediated by GLT25D2 may regulate a subset of CD4+ T cells and be involved in the pathogenesis of Con A–induced hepatitis
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