Mini Review: Role of Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy

The report presented details on different types of inhibitors and their localized actions on cells. The review presented details from specific studies conducted in cancer clinical care. The work also presented reviews on the use of inhibitor for other clinical treatments and practices

Combination of microporous hollow carbon spheres and nafion for the individual metal-free stripping detectionof Pb2+ and Cd2+

Here, the combination of Nafion with microporous hollow carbon spheres (MHCS) is first proposed to fabricate a disposable metal-free electrode for heavy metal stripping sensing. The MHCS-Nafion composite film electrode is prepared by drop-casting a mixture of MHCS and Nafion onto the lab-made screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE*). Results demonstrate that the interfusion of MHCS into Nafion offers enhanced performance for the electro-enrichment and stripping of lead and cadmium over the only Nafion film: 1) abundant MHCS immobilized on the electrode surface serve as effective nucleation sites for metal ion reduction; 2) the mixing of MHCS into Nafion enlarges the active surface of negative-charged Nafion for the electrostatic adsorption of metal cations. The proposed MHCS-Nafion/SPCE* provides linear responses for Pb2+ and Cd2+ in the range of 2 - 200 mu g/L, with a detection limit of 1.37 and 1.63 mu g/L, respectively. Practical applications of the sensor in water sample detection with good accuracy have also been confirmed

An Efficient Wireless Recharging Mechanism for Achieving Perpetual Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

[[abstract]]Energy recharging has received much attention in recent years. Several recharging mechanisms were proposed for achieving perpetual lifetime of a given Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). However, most of them require a mobile recharger to visit each sensor and then perform the recharging task, which increases the length of the recharging path. Another common weakness of these works is the requirement for the mobile recharger to stop at the location of each sensor. As a result, it is impossible for recharger to move with a constant speed, leading to inefficient movement. To improve the recharging efficiency, this paper takes “recharging while moving” into consideration when constructing the recharging path. We propose a Recharging Path Construction (RPC) mechanism, which enables the mobile recharger to recharge all sensors using a constant speed, aiming to minimize the length of recharging path and improve the recharging efficiency while achieving the requirement of perpetual network lifetime of a given WSN. Performance studies reveal that the proposed RPC outperforms existing proposals in terms of path length and energy utilization index, as well as visiting cycle.[[notice]]補正完

OVEREXPRESSION OF THIOREDOXIN BINDING PROTEIN (TBP-2) INCREASES OXIDATION SENSITIVITY AND APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN LENS EPITHELIAL CELLS

Thioredoxin (Trx) is an important redox regulator with cytosolic Trx1 and mitochondrial Trx2 isozymes. Trx has multi-physiological functions in cells and its bioavailability is negatively controlled through active site binding to a specific thioredoxin binding protein (TBP-2). This paper describes the delicate balance between TBP-2 and Trx, and the effect of overexpression of TBP-2 in the human lens epithelial cells. Cells overexpressing TBP-2 (TBP-2 OE) showed a 7- fold increase of TBP-2, and a nearly 40% suppression of Trx activity but no change in Trx expression. The TBP-2 OE cells grew slower and their population decreased to 30% by day 7. Cell cycle analysis showed that TBP-2 OE cells arrested at the G2-M stage, and that they displayed low expressions of the cell cycle elements P-cdc2 (Y15), cdc2, cdc25A and cdc25C. Furthermore, TBP-2 OE cells were more sensitive to oxidation. Under H2O2 (200 μM, 24 hrs) treatment, these cells lost 80% viability and became highly apoptotic. Brief oxidative stress (200 μM, 30 min) to TBP-2 OE cells disrupted the Trx anti-apoptotic function by dissociating the cytosolic and mitochondrial Trx-ASK binding complexes. The same H2O2-treated cells also showed activated ASK (P-ASK), Bax, lowered Bcl2, cytochrome c release, and elevated caspase 3/7 activities. We conclude from these studies that high cellular levels of TBP-2 can potentially suppress Trx bioavailability and increase oxidation sensitivity. Overexpression of TBP-2 also causes slow growth by mitotic arrest, and apoptosis by activating the ASK death pathway