Linking Social Media Use to Leader-Follower Relationships: The Roles of Perceived Social Support and Secure Attachment

Social media present a critical role in changing and transforming workplace relationships. Drawing upon theories of Conservation of Resources and Sense-Making, this study purposes to develop a theoretical framework to describe the impact of leaders’ social media use on leader-member guanxi. We specifically propose the mediating roles of perceived social support and secure attachment, and the moderating effect of task interdependence in this relationship. This study not only contributes to research on social media in interpreting how social media improve leader-member guanxi, but also assists practitioners in interpreting and developing strategies related to social media within organizations

Compact Indexes Based on Core Content in Personal Dataspace Management System

A Personal DataSpace Management System is a platform to manage personal data with heterogeneous data types, in which keyword query is a primary query form for users who know little about the structure of the dataspace. Unlike exploratory queries in web search, a user in a personal dataspace usually has a specific search target and wants to find some known items in mind. To improve result quality in terms of query relevance in a personal dataspace, we propose the concept of compact index in this paper. We refer to the most important and representative semantics from documents as core content, and build compact index on it. We propose algorithm for selecting core content from a document based on semantic analysis, which can process English and Chinese documents uniformly. Furthermore, a software platform named Versatile is introduced for flexible personal data management, in which core content is extracted for building compact indexes and generating query-biased snippet efficiently and accurately. Finally, extensive experiments have been conducted to show the effectiveness and feasibility of compact indexes in personal dataspace management system

A cross-culture, cross-gender comparison of perspective taking mechanisms

Being able to judge another person's visuo-spatial perspective is an essential social skill, hence we investigated the generalizability of the involved mechanisms across cultures and genders. Developmental, cross-species, and our own previous research suggest that two different forms of perspective taking can be distinguished, which are subserved by two distinct mechanisms. The simpler form relies on inferring another's line-of-sight, whereas the more complex form depends on embodied transformation into the other's orientation in form of a simulated body rotation. Our current results suggest that, in principle, the same basic mechanisms are employed by males and females in both, East-Asian (EA; Chinese) and Western culture. However, we also confirmed the hypothesis that Westerners show an egocentric bias, whereas EAs reveal an other-oriented bias. Furthermore, Westerners were slower overall than EAs and showed stronger gender differences in speed and depth of embodied processing. Our findings substantiate differences and communalities in social cognition mechanisms across genders and two cultures and suggest that cultural evolution or transmission should take gender as a modulating variable into account

GRU-D-Weibull: A Novel Real-Time Individualized Endpoint Prediction

Accurate prediction models for individual-level endpoints and time-to-endpoints are crucial in clinical practice. In this study, we propose a novel approach, GRU-D-Weibull, which combines gated recurrent units with decay (GRU-D) to model the Weibull distribution. Our method enables real-time individualized endpoint prediction and population-level risk management. Using a cohort of 6,879 patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD4), we evaluated the performance of GRU-D-Weibull in endpoint prediction. The C-index of GRU-D-Weibull was ~0.7 at the index date and increased to ~0.77 after 4.3 years of follow-up, similar to random survival forest. Our approach achieved an absolute L1-loss of ~1.1 years (SD 0.95) at the CKD4 index date and a minimum of ~0.45 years (SD0.3) at 4 years of follow-up, outperforming competing methods significantly. GRU-D-Weibull consistently constrained the predicted survival probability at the time of an event within a smaller and more fixed range compared to other models throughout the follow-up period. We observed significant correlations between the error in point estimates and missing proportions of input features at the index date (correlations from ~0.1 to ~0.3), which diminished within 1 year as more data became available. By post-training recalibration, we successfully aligned the predicted and observed survival probabilities across multiple prediction horizons at different time points during follow-up. Our findings demonstrate the considerable potential of GRU-D-Weibull as the next-generation architecture for endpoint risk management, capable of generating various endpoint estimates for real-time monitoring using clinical data.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures, 4 supplementary figure

Rhythm makes the world go round:an MEG-TMS study on the role of right TPJ theta oscillations in embodied perspective taking

While some aspects of social processing are shared between humans and other species, some aspects are not. The former seems to apply to merely tracking another's visual perspective in the world (i.e., what a conspecific can or cannot perceive), while the latter applies to perspective taking in form of mentally “embodying” another's viewpoint. Our previous behavioural research had indicated that only perspective taking, but not tracking, relies on simulating a body schema rotation into another's viewpoint. In the current study we employed Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and revealed that this mechanism of mental body schema rotation is primarily linked to theta oscillations in a wider brain network of body-schema, somatosensory and motor-related areas, with the right posterior temporo-parietal junction (pTPJ) at its core. The latter was reflected by a convergence of theta oscillatory power in right pTPJ obtained by overlapping the separately localised effects of rotation demands (angular disparity effect), cognitive embodiment (posture congruence effect), and basic body schema involvement (posture relevance effect) during perspective taking in contrast to perspective tracking. In a subsequent experiment we interfered with right pTPJ processing using dual pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dpTMS) and observed a significant reduction of embodied processing. We conclude that right TPJ is the crucial network hub for transforming the embodied self into another's viewpoint, body and/or mind, thus, substantiating how conflicting representations between self and other may be resolved and potentially highlighting the embodied origins of high-level social cognition in general

Light availability, soil phosphorus and different nitrogen forms negatively affect the functional diversity of subtropical forests

Understanding the relationship between functional diversity (FD) and species diversity changes and the effects of environmental factors on FD during succession is useful to improve forest management, conservation and restoration strategies. In this study, we measured 9 environmental factors related to light availability, soil water content and nutrients, and 19 leaf functional traits related to leaf light and nutrient utilization, growth and defense, water-use efficiency, and leaf respiration strategies in the dominant species during subtropical forest succession in southern China. Logarithmic function analysis and linear mixed model were used to explore the relationships between FD and species diversity and between FD and environmental factors. The results showed that FD and species diversity were not linearly correlated during succession. The light availability (represented by leaf area index), soil phosphorus, and different nitrogen forms were negatively related to the FD, suggesting these factors were the main environmental factors affecting FD during succession in the subtropical forest. By dividing FD into components corresponding to the diversity of different plant strategies, this study improves our understanding of the roles of light availability and soil nutrients in plant community functional structure, and provides useful information for forest conservation and restoration