471 research outputs found
Observation of Exciton-Phonon Sideband in Individual Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are quasi-one-dimensional systems
with poor Coulomb screening and enhanced electron-phonon interaction, and are
good candidates for excitons and exciton-phonon couplings in metallic state.
Here we report back scattering reflection experiments on individual metallic
SWCNTs. An exciton-phonon sideband separated by 0.19 eV from the first optical
transition peak is observed in a metallic SWCNT of chiral index (13,10), which
provides clear evidences of excitons in metallic SWCNTs. A static dielectric
constant of 10 is estimated from the reflectance spectrum.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; typos corrected, references updated, text
re-arrange
Speeding up biphasic reactions with surface nanodroplets
Biphasic chemical reactions compartmentalized in small droplets offer
advantages, such as streamlined procedures for chemical analysis, enhanced
chemical reaction efficiency and high specificity of conversion. In this work,
we experimentally and theoretically investigate the rate for biphasic chemical
reactions between acidic nanodroplets on a substrate surface and basic
reactants in a surrounding bulk flow. The reaction rate is measured by droplet
shrinkage as the product is removed from the droplets by the flow. In our
experiments, we determine the dependence of the reaction rate on the flow rate
and the solution concentration. The theoretical analysis predicts that the life
time of the droplets scales with Peclet number and the reactant
concentration in the bulk flow as , in good agreement with our experimental results.
Furthermore, we found that the product from the reaction on an upstream surface
can postpone the droplet reaction on a downstream surface, possibly due to the
adsorption of interface-active products on the droplets in the downstream. The
time of the delay decreases with increasing of the flow and also with
increasing reactant concentration in the flow, following the scaling same as
that of the reaction rate with these two parameters. Our findings provide
insight for the ultimate aim to enhance droplet reactions under flow
conditions
光格子中の強磁性スピン1ボソンの相と相転移についての理論的研究
学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学准教授 加藤 雄介, 東京大学教授 宮下 精二, 東京大学教授 川島 直輝, 東京大学教授 押川 正毅, 東京大学准教授 鳥井 寿夫University of Tokyo(東京大学
Rational Design of Self-Healing Tough Hydrogels: A Mini Review
Hydrogels are three-dimensional cross-linked polymer networks which can absorb and retain large amount of water. As representative soft materials with tunable chemical, physical and biological properties, hydrogels with different functions have been developed and utilized in a broad range of applications, from tissue engineering to soft robotics. However, conventional hydrogels usually suffer from weak mechanical properties and they are easily deformed or damaged when they are subjected to mechanical forces. The accumulation of the damage may lead to the permanent structural change and the loss of the functional properties of the hydrogels. Therefore, it is important to develop mechanically robust hydrogels with autonomous self-healing property in order to extend their lifespan for various applications. In this mini review, we focus on the discussion about the appropriate molecular design of the hydrogel network for achieving self-healing and excellent mechanical properties, respectively as well as the corresponding self-healing and toughening mechanisms. We conclude with perspectives on the remaining challenges in the field as well as the recommendations for future development
Evolutionary-Based Online Motion Planning Framework for Quadruped Robot Jumping
Offline evolutionary-based methodologies have supplied a successful motion
planning framework for the quadrupedal jump. However, the time-consuming
computation caused by massive population evolution in offline
evolutionary-based jumping framework significantly limits the popularity in the
quadrupedal field. This paper presents a time-friendly online motion planning
framework based on meta-heuristic Differential evolution (DE), Latin hypercube
sampling, and Configuration space (DLC). The DLC framework establishes a
multidimensional optimization problem leveraging centroidal dynamics to
determine the ideal trajectory of the center of mass (CoM) and ground reaction
forces (GRFs). The configuration space is introduced to the evolutionary
optimization in order to condense the searching region. Latin hypercube
sampling offers more uniform initial populations of DE under limited sampling
points, accelerating away from a local minimum. This research also constructs a
collection of pre-motion trajectories as a warm start when the objective state
is in the neighborhood of the pre-motion state to drastically reduce the
solving time. The proposed methodology is successfully validated via real robot
experiments for online jumping trajectory optimization with different jumping
motions (e.g., ordinary jumping, flipping, and spinning).Comment: IROS202
7-Piperazinethylchrysin inhibits melanoma cell proliferation by targeting Mek 1/2 kinase activity
Purpose: To investigate the growth-inhibitory effect of 7-piperazinethylchrysin (PEC) on melanoma cell lines.Methods: Cell viability was analyzed by trypan blue exclusion assays and the cell cycle by flow cytometry using ModFit LT software. Specifically, cells were stained with propidium iodide (0.5 mg/mL) supplemented with RNase A (50 mg/mL), and analyzed using flow cytometry and ModFit LT software.Results: In A375 and B16F10 cell cultures, proliferation was reduced to 79 and 72 %, respectively, on treatment with 30 μM PEC. PEC increased the proportion of A375 cells in G1/G0 phase to 71.23 %, versus 42.76 % in untreated cells. In B16F10 and A375 cells, treatment with PEC caused the inhibition of Mek 1/2 kinase activity and suppressed Erk 1/2 phosphorylation. The level of cAMP-response element binding protein was increased by PEC. The expression of microphthalmia-linked transcription factor was also increased by PEC treatment. Marked enhancement was observed in the level of tyrosinase in melanoma cells on treatment with PEC. Analysis of PBG-D expression showed a marked increase in B16F10 and A375 cells on the addition of PEC to cell cultures at 72 h. The level of PBG D expression was increased by 9- and 8.5-fold in B16F10 and A375 cells, respectively, on incubation with 30 μM PEC. The addition of a Mek 1/2 inhibitor (U0126) to the cultures promoted PEC-mediated growth inhibition.Conclusion: PEC inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, apparently by blocking the cell cycle at G0/G1 and downregulating the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk pathway.Keywords: Tyrosinase, Kinase, Microphthalmia, Phosphorylation, 7-Piperazinethylchrysi
A proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts isolated from sweet orange fruits [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]
Here, a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the chromoplasts purified from sweet orange using Nycodenz density gradient centrifugation is reported. A GeLC-MS/MS shotgun approach was used to identify the proteins of pooled chromoplast samples. A total of 493 proteins were identified from purified chromoplasts, of which 418 are putative plastid proteins based on in silico sequence homology and functional analyses. Based on the predicted functions of these identified plastid proteins, a large proportion (∼60%) of the chromoplast proteome of sweet orange is constituted by proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid/protein synthesis, and secondary metabolism. Of note, HDS (hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase), PAP (plastid-lipid-associated protein), and psHSPs (plastid small heat shock proteins) involved in the synthesis or storage of carotenoid and stress response are among the most abundant proteins identified. A comparison of chromoplast proteomes between sweet orange and tomato suggested a high level of conservation in a broad range of metabolic pathways. However, the citrus chromoplast was characterized by more extensive carotenoid synthesis, extensive amino acid synthesis without nitrogen assimilation, and evidence for lipid metabolism concerning jasmonic acid synthesis. In conclusion, this study provides an insight into the major metabolic pathways as well as some unique characteristics of the sweet orange chromoplasts at the whole proteome level
- …