3-Nitro­benzaldehyde thio­semicarbazone

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C8H8N4O2S, adopts an E configuration about both the C—N bonds. In the crystal structure, adjacent mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, forming chains running parallel to the b axis

1-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-nitro­benzene dimethyl­formamide solvate

In the title compound, C13H9N3O2·C3H7NO, the benzimidazole ring system and the benzene ring are essentially coplanar, forming a dihedral angle of 0.86 (5)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by an inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond and a π–π stacking inter­action with a centroid–centroid separation of 3.685 (4) Å

Effects of transgenic Cry1Ac + CpTI cotton on non-target mealybug pest Ferrisia virgata and its predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

Recently, several invasive mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) have rapidly spread to Asia and have become a serious threat to the production of cotton including transgenic cotton. Thus far, studies have mainly focused on the effects of mealybugs on non-transgenic cotton, without fully considering their effects on transgenic cotton and trophic interactions. Therefore, investigating the potential effects of mealybugs on transgenic cotton and their key natural enemies is vitally important. A first study on the effects of transgenic cotton on a non-target mealybug, Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was performed by comparing its development, survival and body weight on transgenic cotton leaves expressing Cry1Ac (Bt toxin) + CpTI (Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor) with those on its near-isogenic non-transgenic line. Furthermore, the development, survival, body weight, fecundity, adult longevity and feeding preference of the mealybug predator Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was assessed when fed F. virgata maintained on transgenic cotton. In order to investigate potential transfer of Cry1Ac and CpTI proteins via the food chain, protein levels in cotton leaves, mealybugs and ladybirds were quantified. Experimental results showed that F. virgata could infest this bivalent transgenic cotton. No significant differences were observed in the physiological parameters of the predator C. montrouzieri offered F. virgata reared on transgenic cotton or its near-isogenic line. Cry1Ac and CpTI proteins were detected in transgenic cotton leaves, but no detectable levels of both proteins were present in the mealybug or its predator when reared on transgenic cotton leaves. Our bioassays indicated that transgenic cotton poses a negligible risk to the predatory coccinellid C. montrouzieri via its prey, the mealybug F.virgata

4-Ethyl­anilinium 2-carb­oxy­acetate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C8H12N+·C3H3O4 −, the hydrogen malonate anions are linked into infinite chains parallel to the b axis by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds of the type COO−⋯HO2C in a head-to-tail fashion. The 4-ethyl­anilinium cations link adjacent anion chains by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network parallel to the b and c axes

Ammonium hexa­fluorido­phosphate–18-crown-6 (1/1)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, NH4 +·PF6 −·C12H24O6, the cation is situated in the 18-crown-6 ring, forming a supra­molecular rotator-stator-like structure held by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The six O atoms of the crown ether lie approximately in a plane [mean deviation 0.2129 (3) Å]; the N atom is displaced by 0.864 (3)Å from the centroid of the 18-crown-6 ring. The slightly distorted tetra­hedral cations further inter­act with the slightly distorted octa­hedral anions via inter­molecular N—H⋯F hydrogen bonds

N,N′-Bis[(E)-4-cyano­benzyl­idene]urea

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C17H10N4O, has crystallographically imposed C 2 symmetry. The urea group and the benzene ring are nearly coplanar, the dihedral angle between them being 4.15 (7)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions, with a centroid-to-centroid separation of 3.833 (4) Å

4-Ethyl­anilinium perchlorate–18-crown-6 (1/1)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C8H12N+·ClO4 −.C12H24O6, contains one half of the cationic [(C2H5—C6H4—NH3)(18-crown-6)]+ moiety and one half of the ClO4 − anion. Two O atoms of the crown ether, four C atoms and the N atom of the ethylanilinium unit and the Cl and two O atoms of the anion lie on a mirror plane. In the crystal structure, the –NH3 + group lies in the 18-crown-6 ring, forming a supra­molecular rotator–stator-like structure linked by intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The six O atoms of the crown ether lie approximately in a plane, the mean deviation being 0.1771 (3) Å; the N atom lies approximately 0.855 (3) Å from the centroid of the crown ether ring

Ethyl 4-(4-cyano­phen­yl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­pyrimidine-5-carboxyl­ate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H15N3O2S, contains two independent mol­ecules corresponding to the R and S enanti­omers. The dihydro­pyrimidinone rings adopt a flattened boat conformation. One of the ethyl groups is disordered over two orientations with occupancy factors of 0.700 (7) and 0.300 (7). In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions into one-dimensional chains along the c-axis direction. The chains are further connected by N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network