Church Planting in the Korean Nazarene Church: An Evaluation of the 1991 Thrust to the City of Seoul Program

The Korean Nazarene Church (KNC) plans to plant 70 new churches in Seoul by 1993 through the 1991 Thrust to the City of Seoul” program. To date, more than fifteen churches have been planted in Seoul through this program. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the KNC’s church planting effort in Seoul and offer some suggestions for how it could be strengthened

Church Planting in the Korean Nazarene Church: An Evaluation of the 1991 Thrust to the City of Seoul Program

The Korean Nazarene Church (KNC) plans to plant 70 new churches in Seoul by 1993 through the 1991 Thrust to the City of Seoul” program. To date, more than fifteen churches have been planted in Seoul through this program. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the KNC’s church planting effort in Seoul and offer some suggestions for how it could be strengthened

Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Photodetectors

Two Dimensional (2D) materials has triggered to have transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) emerging as a new class of materials that can control or interact with light to convert the photons to electrical signals for its attractive applications in photonics, electronics and optoelectronics. 2D materials along with gapless Graphene interact with light over the wavelength region of the different spectral regions having the short wavelength of the UV and extreme UV, Visible, near IR, mid IR and THz due to excellent light absorption, enabling ultrafast and ultrasensitive detection of light in photodetectors. Next generation photodetectors are possible promising candidates for high sensitivity and TMDCs based photodetectors are the heart of the multitude of technologies to understand the principle of photodetection mechanisms and device performances. Phototransistors/photoconductors show wide varied detection performances with responsivities ranging from 10−7 A/W - 107 A/W on single or few layer TMDCs having response time between 10−5 s to 103 s. The semiconducting TMDCs like MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2 and ReS2 are gaining suitable applications in optoelectronic devices and the device design, mechanism and enhancing the performance of photodetectors are introduced and discussed systematically in this chapter. In spite of the growing demands on TMDC based devices the origin of the photoresponse characteristics is attractive and encouraging to understand and provide a path to the subject of investigation and guidelines for the future development of this rapidly growing field

IDEF method-based simulation model design and development

The purpose of this study is to provide an IDEF method-based integrated framework for a business process simulation model to reduce the model development time by increasing the communication and knowledge reusability during a simulation project. In this framework, simulation requirements are collected by a function modeling method (IDEF0) and a process modeling method (IDEF3). Based on these requirements, a common data model is constructed using the IDEF1X method. From this reusable data model, multiple simulation models are automatically generated using a database-driven simulation model development approach. The framework is claimed to help both requirement collection and experimentation phases during a simulation project by improving system knowledge, model reusability, and maintainability through the systematic use of three descriptive IDEF methods and the features of the relational database technologies. A complex semiconductor fabrication case study was used as a testbed to evaluate and illustrate the concepts and the framework. Two different simulation software products were used to develop and control the semiconductor model from the same knowledge base. The case study empirically showed that this framework could help improve the simulation project processes by using IDEF-based descriptive models and the relational database technology. Authors also concluded that this framework could be easily applied to other analytical model generation by separating the logic from the dataPeer Reviewe

Two-dimensional charge distributions of the Δ\Delta baryon: Interpolation between the nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic limit

We investigate how the charge distributions of both the unpolarized and transversely polarized $\Delta$ baryon change as the longitudinal momentum~($P_{z}$) of the $\Delta$ baryon increases from $P_{z}=0$ to $P_{z}=\infty$ in a Wigner phase-space perspective. When the $\Delta$ baryon is longitudinally polarized, its two-dimensional charge distribution is kept to be spherically symmetric with $P_{z}$ varied, whereas when the $\Delta$ baryon is transversely polarized along the $x$-axis, the quadrupole contribution emerges at the rest frame ($P_{z}=0$). When $P_{z}$ grows, the electric dipole and octupole moments are induced. The induced dipole moment dominates over other higher multipole contributions and governs the deformation of the charge distribution of the $\Delta$ baryon.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figure

A reconfigurable microfluidics platform for microparticle separation and fluid mixing

Microfluidics is an engineering tool used to control and manipulate fluid flows, with practical applications for lab-on-a-chip, point-of-care testing, and biological/medical research. However, microfluidic platforms typically lack the ability to create a fluidic duct, having an arbitrary flow path, and to change the path as needed without additional design and fabrication processes. To address this challenge, we present a simple yet effective approach for facile, on-demand reconfiguration of microfluidic channels using flexible polymer tubing. The tubing provides both a well-defined, cross-sectional geometry to allow reliable fluidic operation and excellent flexibility to achieve a high degree of freedom for reconfiguration of flow pathways. We demonstrate that microparticle separation and fluid mixing can be successfully implemented by reconfiguring the shape of the tubing. The tubing is coiled around a 3D-printed barrel to make a spiral microchannel with a constant curvature for inertial separation of microparticles. Multiple knots are also made in the tubing to create a highly tortuous flow path, which induces transverse secondary flows, Dean flows, and, thus, enhances the mixing of fluids. The reconfigurable microfluidics approach, with advantages including low-cost, simplicity, and ease of use, can serve as a promising complement to conventional microfabrication methods, which require complex fabrication processes with expensive equipment and lack a degree of freedom for reconfiguration.ope

2011 International Design Exchange Project, Hidden Space Project. Volume 2, Urban rooftops

Urban Rooftops: Our cities are now having to rethink and redevelop the use of space more creatively and ingeniously than ever before. Space is precious in any context but the extra pressure cities’ face with the ever growing need to accommodate increasing populations mean that every open area is now a new possibility for spatial development. One of the most recent and fascinating trends is the use of rooftops. Their appeal lies in their surprise and undiscovered disposition. Their purpose might involve a large community or an individual but because of its elevated position, each journey to that roof space provides a chance for adventure. They are an addition to older established buildings but come with a new brief and therefore a new spirit, encouraging creativity and positive thinking, using a different energy. The master planners and the local communities need to consider a more responsible composition of ideas to our urban and earthly needs. Sustainable energy use and material choice are to be rewarded but what of the function? Is just viewing the simple horizon above the rooftops function enough? relieving us of our daily stresses and seeing the city as sleeping giant or should we be industrious, striking balances of nature, pulling it back from disaster, giving space to synergistic projects. The students were asked to design a Rooftop structure in a densely inhabited urban neighbourhood, namely Burbage House, Curtain Road, Shoreditch London E2. Aim: The aim of this lofty structure or series of structures sets out to encourage, inspire a community or an individual to cultivate positive practices. The rooftop should connect and bond visually or through metaphor within its surrounding neighbourhood. The space should take account of the social and cultural diversity that resides close by. Context: Shoreditch is weave of close knit streets with its former industrial context provide an area for those that want to step out of the norm and the corporate, it’s place to imagine new business. Innovative creative houses have set up home using space imaginatively, sharing with like minded disciplines. The narrowness of the streets encourages networking and enhances collective working practices. Warehouse constructions reveal their previous activity and function, reminding us of the busy people, the noise and the industry. The buildings allow a maximum of light though to the interior, the detail in the window frames and brickwork show a sense of pride. The Interiors are simple and true the outer structure, revealing angles and curves. The space is unattractive to the Multi-national corporations, and as there is little capacity for charging large rents makes this area economically suitable for young and emerging practices to set up. The rawness of the interior spaces, unadulterated by recent 20th century trends provide the perfect utilitarian and vacant habitat for the fresh ideas where pioneering and ground breaking professions materialize. View: In some respects the rawness of such a landscape, its lack of conformity compares well with an open landscape. When standing on the roof looking across London, its openness and horizontal neutrality engenders a sense of calm and invigoration. Suddenly there are possibilities and scope for living positively. Hurried life slows down and London becomes picturesque. Novalis wrote ‘Everything seen from a distance becomes poetry :distant mountains, distant people, distant events. Everything become romantic’

2010 International Design Exchange Project, Living bridges

Living bridges: We are very fortunate at London Metropolitan University to own well equipped workshops, wood mills and digital machinery. The legacy of a once popular and thriving furniture and textile industry, based in the East End of London, have left us with this ability to ‘make’. Currently the practice of design is going through rigorous development with the onset of 3 Dimensional drawing packages. Students now can seize the opportunity to create large, complicated and futuristic schemes, light and materials can be added producing both inspiring and convincing visuals. Collaboration: It has been both insightful and a pleasure to have had this opportunity to work with KYUNG WON and DONGYANG MIRAE Universities in many ways. Two aspects in particular are worthy of mentioning, firstly when talking to my Korean counterparts, it is comforting to know that our issues concerning student progress or workshop development are very similar. Designers are rarely constant in their levels of productive output and work through crests and troughs, the enthusiastic activity is followed by moments of incubation that seemingly are unproductive which are then followed by a sprint to the deadline. It’s evident that the design process transcends the notion of culture. Secondly the students that have contributed to the work in this book are half way through their courses. However, projects such as Living Bridges require the student to develop their ideas through sketch modelling, through trial and error. A hand-made model can be viewed from a 360° perspective, its proportions; its aesthetics can be assessed instantly. There is an immediacy of judgement, it allows others to discuss and evaluate its function and presence, generating ideas of further development, improving the concept within its context. There is pressure on the design industry to prioritize 3D CAD competencies before sketch modelling skills, valuing the production of drawings as a tangible asset. It is evident that as the students work through the brief, they only understand the context and the structure properly through hand-made models, those that leap into the visualized model tend to miss the significance of scale and therefore its connection to the site and its users. Their range belongs to a computer screen and within that, the scale is infinite, the views are shortened, abrupt and framed. If it is your intention to design a structure that not only fulfils a function but more importantly articulates with the horizons, the local vernacular and the quality of light or indeed shadows it needs to be tested and appreciated through a model version. Our sense of proportion translates into messages of beauty and experience and gives us reassurance of its success and acceptance. Students value the small group tutorials and one-to-one sessions that allow individuals to discuss,debate, draw and model, design intentions. This positive process needs to be given space and time, therefore students are encouraged to reflect on their process and practice, verbally, in their sketchbooks and within an online learning environment such as e-learning environments. This narrative serves to reinforce the students learning and to provide actions for future outcomes. The collaboration with Kyungwon university and DongYang Mirae University in Seoul, Korea, has given the students the opportunity to demonstrate and push the boundaries of their process and I am extremely proud of their endeavours