Potato Breeding by Many Hands? Measuring the Germplasm Exchange Based on a Cultivated Potatoes Database

In science, collaboration is sometimes understood as synonymous with co‐authorship. However, it also can be measured through the exchange of information and materials. In agriculture, potato late blight is still a challenge to the breedingprograms. Accessing different materials, which can be used as sources of resistance, is the key to successful disease control.This article maps the germplasm exchanges carried out by potato breeding in the world as a way to measure collaborationbetween countries. Cultivars of potato resistant to late blight were selected based on a European database and somecountries stood out from others. This was mainly the case of Germany and the Netherlands. Most of the countries havegreater links with themselves than with other countries, with reinforces the idea that national breeding programs workmore closely within their own country than with other countries. The hegemony of some countries, the prioritization ofnational research and the high costs of developing a resistant cultivar can be obstacles to greater collaboration

Potato breeding by many hands? : measuring the germplasm exchange based on a cultivated potatoes database

In science, collaboration is sometimes understood as synonymous with co‐authorship. However, it also can be measured through the exchange of information and materials. In agriculture, potato late blight is still a challenge to the breeding programs. Accessing different materials, which can be used as sources of resistance, is the key to successful disease control. This article maps the germplasm exchanges carried out by potato breeding in the world as a way to measure collaboration between countries. Cultivars of potato resistant to late blight were selected based on a European database and some countries stood out from others. This was mainly the case of Germany and the Netherlands. Most of the countries have greater links with themselves than with other countries, with reinforces the idea that national breeding programs work more closely within their own country than with other countries. The hegemony of some countries, the prioritization of national research and the high costs of developing a resistant cultivar can be obstacles to greater collaboration

Análise das Dimensões Disciplinares no Conteúdo da Mídia Norte-Americana Sobre Obesogenicidade no Período 2003-2013

A obesidade decorre de um processo multifatorial que envolve tanto aspectos biológicos, comportamentais como ambientais. Nesse sentido, buscou-se identificar quais dimensões disciplinares estão presentes nas publicações sobre obesogenicidade na mídia norteamericana, especificamente nos jornais The New York Times e The Washington Post no período 2003-2013. Para a análise das publicações, foi elaborada uma estrutura analítica, baseada em dicionários de palavras-chave representativas das dimensões disciplinares e do agronegócio. Para a sua construção, foram utilizados 4.648 artigos científicos sobre o tema disponíveis no portal Web of Science. Os resultados revelaram a predominância da dimensão Ciências da Saúde, seguida da Multidisciplinar, Agronegócio, Ciências Sociais, Ciências da Vida e por último das Ciências Físicas. Evidenciou-se que a obesogenicidade tem sido enquadrada predominante sob a perspectiva das Ciências da Saúde. Ressalta-se, também, que as Ciências da Saúde apresentam elevada similaridade com as demais, sobretudo com as Ciências da Vida

Meat market reaction towards mass media and science communication on bovine spongiform encephalopathy

This study assesses the correlation between reports on food risk published in scientific journals and in the printed mass media and changes in the meat market. It focuses on the case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom. The findings suggest that during the time BSE and its related human disease were of noticeable public concern, there was a predominantly negative correlation between the number of reports on BSE published in the British printed mass media and meat market variables. In contrast, reports of scientific research on the disease contributed to reducing the perception of food risk because these numbers correlated positively with the meat market

Análise das Dimensões Disciplinares no Conteúdo da Mídia Norte-Americana Sobre Obesogenicidade no Período 2003-2013

A obesidade decorre de um processo multifatorial que envolve tanto aspectos biológicos, comportamentais como ambientais. Nesse sentido, buscou-se identificar quais dimensões disciplinares estão presentes nas publicações sobre obesogenicidade na mídia norteamericana, especificamente nos jornais The New York Times e The Washington Post no período 2003-2013. Para a análise das publicações, foi elaborada uma estrutura analítica, baseada em dicionários de palavras-chave representativas das dimensões disciplinares e do agronegócio. Para a sua construção, foram utilizados 4.648 artigos científicos sobre o tema disponíveis no portal Web of Science. Os resultados revelaram a predominância da dimensão Ciências da Saúde, seguida da Multidisciplinar, Agronegócio, Ciências Sociais, Ciências da Vida e por último das Ciências Físicas. Evidenciou-se que a obesogenicidade tem sido enquadrada predominante sob a perspectiva das Ciências da Saúde. Ressalta-se, também, que as Ciências da Saúde apresentam elevada similaridade com as demais, sobretudo com as Ciências da Vida

Produção científica no empreendedorismo rural relacionado ao turismo

This study aimed to understand the scientific production on Rural Entrepreneurship and its connection to the Tourism sector. For that, the text mining method with articles and reviews was used. Through a specific analysis structure, dimensional words were extracted that cha-racterize the themes: Social Entrepreneurship, Business Strategies, Gender, Local Socioeco-nomic Impact, Innovation and Competitiveness, Migration, and Technologies. These themes were previously selected from a systematic review. The results indicate India as the country that most studies on Rural Entrepreneurship, and where the theme of Gender has greater relevance. However, it was noted that the tourism sector is not significant in this region. It is in Spain that tourism activity shows a stronger link with entrepreneurship in rural areas. The areas of knowledge show that the studies are concentrated in Social Sciences and Business, Management, and Accounting. In short, this work presented a study to assist in a better un-derstanding of the evolution of research on tourism as a way of undertaking in rural areas.El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender la producción científica sobre emprendimiento rural y su conexión con el sector turístico. Para eso, se utilizó el método de minería de texto con artículos y reseñas. A través de una estructura de análisis específica, se extrajeron palabras dimensionales que caracterizan los temas: emprendimiento social, estrategias empresariales, género, impacto socioeconómico local, innovación y competitividad, migración y tecnologías. Estos temas fueron seleccionados previamente de una revisión sistemática. Los resultados indican la India como el país que más estudia sobre emprendimiento rural, y donde el tema de género tiene mayor relevancia. Sin embargo, se observó que el sector turístico no es significativo en esta región. Es en España donde la actividad turística muestra un vínculo más fuerte con el espíritu empresarial en las zonas rurales. Las áreas de conocimiento muestran que los estudios se concentran en Ciencias Sociales y Negocios, Gestión y Contabilidad. Así, este trabajo presentó un estudio con el fin de ayudar a comprender mejor la evolución de la investigación sobre el turismo como una forma de emprender en las zonas rurales.Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a produção científica sobre o Empreendedorismo Rural e a sua ligação ao setor de Turismo. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de mineração de texto com artigos e revisões. Por meio de uma estrutura de análise específica, extraíram-se palavras dimensionais que caracterizam as temáticas: Empreendedorismo Social, Estratégias de Negócio, Gênero, Impacto Socioeconômico Local, Inovação e Competitividade, Migração e Tecnologias. Esses temas foram previamente selecionados a partir de uma revisão sistemática. Os resultados indicam a Índia como país que mais estuda sobre Empreendedorismo Rural, e onde a temática Gênero tem maior relevância. Contudo, notou-se que o setor do turismo não é expressivo nesta região. É na Espanha que a atividade turística demonstra uma ligação mais forte com o empreendedorismo no meio rural. As áreas do conhecimento evidenciam que os estudos estão concentrados em Ciências Sociais e Negócios, Gestão e Contabilidade. Em suma, esse trabalho apresentou um estudo a fim de auxiliar na melhor compreensão da evolução das pesquisas sobre turismo como forma de empreender no meio rural

Renda e Despesa com Alimentação fora do Domicílio na Prevalência da Obesidade no Brasil

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o consumo de alimentos fora do domicílio (FD) e verificar a existência de relações entre a renda, as despesas com alimentação FD e a prevalência do excesso de peso e da obesidade em indivíduos adultos no Brasil. Os resultados apontaram que quanto maior a renda do indivíduo, maiores são as despesas com alimentação fora do lar. Verificou-se, ainda, que a prevalência de excesso de peso e a obesidade são mais elevadas em indivíduos que possuem maior renda, sobretudo entre os homens

Is biodiesel a more social fuel than ethanol? a comparative analysis from public policies in Brazil

As a promising source of renewable energy, biodiesel has received incentives through public policies in various countries. While some countries have adopted policies based on economic incentives for production and consumption, political discourse in Brazil has placed emphasis on the social role that biodiesel can play. The main goal of this paper is to carry out an analysis of public policies in Brazil to identify whether there is indeed a social bias associated with biodiesel or both ethanol and biodiesel, which has had its macro-environment configured from the same footprint. The methodology uses text mining techniques to extract information from policy and program documents of the Brazilian government involving these liquid biofuels. After collection and preparation, a total of 624 official documents published between 1997 and 2006 comprised the textual basis of the research. The results indicate some similarities when the configurations of the macro-environment for ethanol and biodiesel have been compared. However, it is clear that biodiesel is more strongly identified with the social dimension. In conclusion, this study suggests that public policy in Brazil has, in fact, characterized biodiesel as a social fuel

Comparing environmental impacts of beef cattle production systems in grassland from Southern Brazil

The importance of the primary sector in the overall context of human activities is undisputed, whether in regard to supplying food, providing jobs and income, or even constituting part of landscapes and local ecosystems. In this context, the environmental impacts of two beef cattle production systems typical of Southern Brazil, an extensive system (ES) and an improved system (IS), were characterized using Life Cycle Analyses. Construction of the systems was based on simulated herds originating from 100 female and four male weaned calves and their progeny during a 12 yr productive life, as well as land areas, external inputs and other natural resources and technology. The functional unit adopted was 1 kg of live weight gain. Higher values of greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water eutrophication and depletion of water and fossil fuels were obtained for ES compared to IS (22.5 vs. 9.16 kg CO2 eq.; 234.8 vs. 21.03 m2; 0.00383 vs. 0.00219 kg P eq.; 0.217 vs. 0.0949 m3 water; and 0.0042 vs. -0.1255 kg oil eq., respectively). Concerning mineral depletion and terrestrial acidification, ES presented lower potential impacts than IS (0.000519 vs. 0.0536 kg Fe eq.; and 0.0028 vs. 0.0038 kg SO2 eq., respectively). The diversity of these results allows a better understanding of the environmental impacts of production systems in broad terms and of regional peculiarities. Such knowledge is necessary for proposing alternatives to mitigate environmental effects