Spectroscopic Study of Host-Guest Inclusion Complexes

A host-guest complex is formed by a host molecule encapsulating a guest molecule within it. The host materials in this study are basket-shaped structures, known as cyclodextrins, which can easily incorporate a variety of guests, such as drug molecules. These inclusion complexes made with cyclodextrins and drugs can be developed to have different release rates within the body. The cyclodextrin can be used to protect the drug until it reaches its destination within the body. This study focuses on Brooker’s merocyanine (BM) as the guest molecule, since it has a similar structure to stilbene-related drugs. UV/Vis and fluorometer spectroscopic studies have shown that β–cyclodextrin (B–CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl–β–cyclodextrin (2–HP–B–CD) formed 1:1 inclusion complexes with BM. The binding equilibrium constants, Keq, for the inclusion complexes formed with BM in B–CD and 2–HP–B–CD were approximately 450M^-1 and 250M^- 1, respectively. The latter value was smaller due to influential steric effects between the B-CD and BM. B-CD was used to confirm that our methodology of testing was accurate based on previous studies found Keq to be 430M^-1. (Hamasaki et al. J. Incl. Phenom. Mol. Rec. Chem. 13, 349–359 (1992))

Spectroscopic Studies of Brooker\u27s Merocyanine in Zeolite L

Zeolites are porous, crystalline substances that have very unique atomic organizations which allow for the formation of complex channels within the crystals. Each type of zeolite has a distinct shape and structure. To better understand the properties of zeolite channels, a dye molecule known as Brooker’s merocyanine was inserted into Zeolite L. Maximum dye loading into the zeolite channels was achieved by altering different experimental variables, such as heat, solution concentration, stirring, cation exchange, and light exposure. X-ray diffraction was used to verify the synthesis of zeolites, the cation exchange process, and dye loading. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to measure the amount of dye adsorbed by the zeolite. By using the UV-Vis absorbance values and Beer’s Law, the concentration of dye in the zeolites was determined. The results showed that an increase of heat and stirring correlated to an increase of adsorption of dye by the zeolite. Due to the light sensitivity of Brooker’s merocyanine, it was found that limiting the amount of light exposure of the dye solutions also resulted in higher dye adsorption by the zeolites. An increase of the concentration of the dye solution increased the rate of adsorption in the channels. However, exchanging the potassium ions found within the synthesized Zeolite L channels with smaller hydrogen ions did not have an affect on the adsorption of dye in the channels. Characterizing how to achieve a maximum of dye adsorption in the zeolites allows for a better understanding of how dye molecules interact within the zeolite channels

Determining the Location of Adsorption of Brooker’s Merocyanine Dye to Zeolite L

Host-guest systems occur when guest molecules enter the channel of a host material but do not chemically bond together. The guest in this study is Brooker\u27s Merocyanine (BM) dye molecules and the host is Zeolite L. Previous studies have used similar dyes and found that they enter the channels of the zeolite. This study synthesized materials to determine if BM molecules behave the same way, or if the dye molecules are only adsorbed to the surface. The dye-zeolite products were characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy and powder x-ray diffraction pattern, it was confirmed we could reproducibly synthesize Zeolite L with minimal merlinoite and sanidine impurities. By soaking Zeolite L in a BM solution, using 2-propanol as the solvent, the dye was adsorbed to the zeolite. This had to be done under specific conditions because BM is sensitive to changes in solvent, light exposure, and pH, which makes it challenging to study. BM solutions were characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy to determine the optimal dye loading conditions. We found that limiting light exposure in acidic conditions is a key factor to obtain reproducible results. Understanding BM in solution makes it possible to learn more about the BM dye-zeolite system in order to prepare optimal dye-loaded samples. These samples will be characterized through BET analysis, which is used to determine the location of BM in Zeolite L. Studying these interactions can lead to new practical materials

Dark Lancaster

In this position paper we'll outline a few ongoing and planned projects at Lancaster that are not all sweetness and light. In some we are interested in some of the darker aspects of human nature: frustration when things go wrong in order to design games with the right emotional impact; and anger of those seeking jobs in order to help train those who need to defuse fraught situations. In others we deliberately seek to design ‘bad’ situations; obviously this is necessary to study issues like frustration, but also we design bad things in order to understand what is good! Finally, there are times when good is dark and the bright light of day needs to be shrouded just a little

Editors\u27 Note - Action, Scene, And Voice: 21st-Century Dialogues With Edward Gordon Craig

A roadmap to this Special Issue of Mime Journal. This issue emphasizes the tissue of influences that shaped Craig’s own work and continue to impact contemporary theater and performance. By focusing on the historical contexts in which his ideas were developed and those in which they have been received, the essays counter the widely held perception of Craig as the solitary genius of the “Art of the Theatre.” His claims of originality and singularity have too often obscured the connections between his work and that of other artists—especially the dancer Isadora Duncan, upon whom two of the pieces included here focus. Our contributors are actors, directors, corporeal mimes, puppeteers, dancers, and scholars of theater, performance, dance, mime, puppetry, and print culture. All have been shaped by Craig’s vision; all have reckoned with his imperious and impassioned demands; all have probed his weaknesses—personal and professional—and resisted his prejudices. All respond provocatively to Craig’s work, making a strong claim for his continuing relevance even as they critique his life and career. Far from a hagiographic tribute to Craig, this issue takes up Craig’s contested legacy and contests it further

Contents - Edward Gordon Craig Special Issue 2017

Cover, front matter, and contents for Mime Journal Special Issue, Action, Scene, and Voice: 21st-Century Dialogues with Edward Gordon Craig. Guest editors: Jennifer Buckley and Annie Holt

Comparación de las actitudes e intenciones en relación a la sostenibilidad entre generaciones y género: una perspectiva de los consumidores de Estados Unidos

[EN] As firms increasingly focus on corporate sustainability initiatives and offer more sustainability-related products, there is a need to continually assess consumer attitudes towards and involvement in sustainable consumption. Additionally, there is a need to determine if some consumer characteristics may typify how they think, feel, and behave towards sustainability initiatives. Based on an online sample of 1,250 U.S. consumers, this present research utilizes a cross-sectional design to examine whether generational cohort and gender help explain variations in how consumers react to the notion of sustainability. This research is also focused on sustainability in the food and grocery industry. The find ings suggest that attitudes towards sustainability and the degree to which consumers feel sustainability is important is more positive for younger consumers and women. The Baby Boomer generation is less interested in sustainable consumption and less likely to be persuaded by sustainability claims. The main limitations of this study are that data were collected only through self-reporting from consumers in the United States. For marketers promoting sustainability-related products, this data should help them better understand segments of the U.S. market and develop more successful promotional initiatives. Knowing the nuances of how generational cohorts think about sustainability and how they may consider it when making purchase decisions should motivate marketers to utilize these differences when creating their marketing mix. Though some marketers are moving away from gender-based promotional tactics, the findings also suggest that gender segmentation could still be useful when it comes to sustainability-related products.[ES] A medida que las empresas se centran cada vez más en iniciativas relacionadas con la sostenibilidad corporativa y ofrecen más productos relacionados con la sostenibilidad, es necesario evaluar continuamente las actitudes de los consumidores hacia el consumo sostenible y su implicación en él. Además, es necesario determinar si algunas características de los consumidores pueden tipificar su forma de pensar, sentir y comportarse ante iniciativas en materia de sostenibilidad. A partir de una muestra online de 1.250 consumidores de Estados Unidos, la presente investigación utiliza un diseño de sección transversal para examinar si la cohorte generacional y el género ayudan a explicar las variaciones en la forma en que los consumidores reaccionan ante la noción de sostenibilidad. Esta investigación también se centra en la sostenibilidad en la industria alimentaria y de comestibles. Los resultados sugieren que las actitudes hacia la sostenibilidad y el grado en que los consumidores consideran que ésta es importante son más positivos para los consumidores más jóvenes y las mujeres. La generación del Baby Boomer está menos interesada en el consumo sostenible y es menos probable que se deje convencer por las afirmaciones de sostenibilidad. Las principales limitaciones de este estudio residen en que los datos se recogieron únicamente a través de declaraciones de los propios consumidores en Estados Unidos. Para los comercializadores que promueven productos relacionados con la sostenibilidad, estos datos deberían ayudarles a entender mejor los segmentos del mercado estadounidense y a desarrollar iniciativas promocionales más exitosas. Conocer los aspectos de la forma de pensar de las cohortes generacionales sobre la sostenibilidad y cómo pueden tenerla en cuenta a la hora de tomar decisiones de compra debería motivar a los profesionales del marketing a utilizar estas diferencias a la hora de crear su marketing mix. Aunque algunos vendedores se están alejando de las tácticas promocionales basadas en el género, los resultados también sugieren que la segmentación por género podría seguir siendo útil cuando se trata de productos relacionados con la sostenibilidad.This research was supported by generous funding provided by the Haile College of Business at Northern Kentucky University. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions for improving this manuscript

Media Industries: History, Theory and Method

Media Industries: History, Theory, and Method outlnes the diverse ways that media indutries have been studied in the past and offers an innovate blueprint for future research and cristism. Contextualizing the current moment of unprecedented technological change, media convergence, and globalitation, the authors engange in crocs-disciplanary exploration from range of historical, critical and theoritical perspectives

Windom: Historical Perspectives.

Prepared for the Windom Community Council. Sponsored by Neighborhood Planning for Community Revitalization, Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota