14,369 research outputs found
Microscopic Restoration of Proton-Neutron Mixed Symmetry in Weakly Collective Nuclei
Starting from the microscopic low-momentum nucleon-nucleon interaction V{low
k}, we present the first systematic shell model study of magnetic moments and
magnetic dipole transition strengths of the basic low-energy one-quadrupole
phonon excitations in nearly-spherical nuclei. Studying in particular the
even-even N=52 isotones from 92Zr to 100Cd, we find the predicted evolution of
the predominantly proton-neutron non-symmetric state reveals a restoration of
collective proton-neutron mixed-symmetry structure near mid-shell. This
provides the first explanation for the existence of pronounced collective
mixed-symmetry structures in weakly-collective nuclei.Comment: 5 Pages, 3 figure
Shell model description of the 14C dating beta decay with Brown-Rho-scaled NN interactions
We present shell model calculations for the beta-decay of the 14C ground
state to the 14N ground state, treating the states of the A=14 multiplet as two
0p holes in an 16O core. We employ low-momentum nucleon-nucleon (NN)
interactions derived from the realistic Bonn-B potential and find that the
Gamow-Teller matrix element is too large to describe the known lifetime. By
using a modified version of this potential that incorporates the effects of
Brown-Rho scaling medium modifications, we find that the GT matrix element
vanishes for a nuclear density around 85% that of nuclear matter. We find that
the splitting between the (J,T)=(1+,0) and (J,T)=(0+,1) states in 14N is
improved using the medium-modified Bonn-B potential and that the transition
strengths from excited states of 14C to the 14N ground state are compatible
with recent experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures Updated to include referee comments/suggestion
Mutational analysis of the 18-base-pair inverted repeat element at the bovine papillomavirus origin of replication: identification of critical sequences for E1 binding and in vivo replication.
Is the Compact Source at the Center of Cas A Pulsed?
A 50 ksec observation of the Supernova Remnant Cas A was taken using the
Chandra X-Ray Observatory High Resolution Camera (HRC) to search for periodic
signals from the compact source located near the center. Using the HRC-S in
imaging mode, problems with correctly assigning times to events were overcome,
allowing the period search to be extended to higher frequencies than possible
with previous observations. In an extensive analysis of the HRC data, several
possible candidate signals are found using various algorithms, including
advanced techniques developed by Ransom to search for low significance periodic
signals. Of the candidate periods, none is at a high enough confidence level to
be particularly favored over the rest. When combined with other information,
however (e.g., spectra, total energetics, and the historical age of the
remnant), a 12 ms candidate period seems to be more physically plausible than
the others, and we use it for illustrative purposes in discussing the possible
properties of a putative neutron star in the remnant. We emphasize that this is
not necessarily the true period, and that a follow-up observation, scheduled
for the fall of 2001, is required.
A 50 ksec Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) observation was taken, and
analysis of these data for the central object shows that the spectrum is
consistent with several forms, and that the emitted X-ray luminosity in the 0.1
-10 keV band is 10^{33}-10^{35}erg cm^{-2}sec^{-1} depending on the spectral
model and the interstellar absorption along the line of sight to the source.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures Submitted to ApJ 2001 June 2
The cosmic X-ray experiment aboard HEAO-1
The HEAO-1 A-2 experiment, designed to study the large scale structure of the galaxy and the universe at X-ray energies is described. The instrument consists of six gas proportional counters of three types nominally covering the energy ranges of 0.15-3 keV, 1.2-20 keV, and 2.5-60 keV. The two low energy detectors have about 400 sq cm open area each while the four others have about 800 sq cm each. Dual field of view collimators allow the unambiguous determination of instrument internal background and diffuse X-ray brightness. Instrument characteristics and early performance are discussed
Discrepancy between experimental and theoretical -decay rates resolved from first principles
-decay, a process that changes a neutron into a proton (and vice
versa), is the dominant decay mode of atomic nuclei. This decay offers a unique
window to physics beyond the standard model, and is at the heart of
microphysical processes in stellar explosions and the synthesis of the elements
in the Universe. For 50 years, a central puzzle has been that observed
-decay rates are systematically smaller than theoretical predictions.
This was attributed to an apparent quenching of the fundamental coupling
constant 1.27 in the nucleus by a factor of about 0.75 compared
to the -decay of a free neutron. The origin of this quenching is
controversial and has so far eluded a first-principles theoretical
understanding. Here we address this puzzle and show that this quenching arises
to a large extent from the coupling of the weak force to two nucleons as well
as from strong correlations in the nucleus. We present state-of-the-art
computations of -decays from light to heavy nuclei. Our results are
consistent with experimental data, including the pioneering measurement for
Sn. These theoretical advances are enabled by systematic effective
field theories of the strong and weak interactions combined with powerful
quantum many-body techniques. This work paves the way for systematic
theoretical predictions for fundamental physics problems. These include the
synthesis of heavy elements in neutron star mergers and the search for
neutrino-less double--decay, where an analogous quenching puzzle is a
major source of uncertainty in extracting the neutrino mass scale.Comment: 20 pages, 18 figure
- …