368 research outputs found
Ethology in conservation : how an ethologist can contribute to conservation projects
Det finns idag mÄnga arter som riskerar att utrotas, ofta pÄ grund av mÀnsklig pÄverkan pÄ deras habitat. Det tvÀrvetenskapliga fÀltet bevarandeetologi syftar till att anvÀnda etologi, kunskapen om djurs beteende och anledningen till det, inom bevarandet av dessa arter. FÀltet Àr relativt nytt och saknar dÀrför en standard för hur man ska anvÀnda det inom olika projekt. BÄde skeptiska och optimistiska forskare till att det kommer gÄ att utveckla ett sÄdant ramverk finns. Den hÀr studien har gjorts för att reda ut hur bevarandeetologin hittills har bidragit till bevarandearbete, hur man kan lösa problem som idag finns inom bevarandeprojekt med hjÀlp av etologi samt hur man med hjÀlp av bevarandeetologi kan utforma hÄllbara bevarandeprojekt.
Resultatet visar att bevarandeetologi hittills har anvÀnts inom projekt som bÄde Àger rum utanför och i ett djurs naturliga habitat samt vid Äterintroduktioner och förflyttningar av djur. Vetenskapen har bland annat anvÀnts för att minska risken för dÄlig vÀlfÀrd och frustration hos djur som hÄlls i fÄngenskap, öka chanserna för att Äterintroduktioner ska lyckas och utforma mÀnsklig infrastruktur sÄ djur inte blir skadade. Studien visar ocksÄ att bevarandeetologi skulle kunna anvÀndas för att lösa problem som minskat antal reproducerande individer i en population, felaktig hantering av ekoturism som skapar stress hos vissa arter samt hot som uppstÄr pÄ grund av att djur uppfattar omvÀrlden pÄ ett annorlunda sÀtt Àn oss mÀnniskor, t.ex. att de blir störda av ljus och ljud pÄ ett annat sÀtt. Det ska dock pÄpekas att lösningar pÄ dessa problem endast Àr teoretiska och mÄste utvÀrderas innan man kan faststÀlla att bevarandeetologin Àr nyckeln i dessa fall.
NÀr det kommer till att utforma hÄllbara projekt med hjÀlp av bevarandeetologi lyfter den hÀr studien fram att fokus bör lÀggas pÄ att utforma lÄngsiktiga Äterintroduktionsprojekt, jobba fram metoder sÄ mÀnniskor och djur kan samexistera samt forska pÄ hur arter kommer reagera pÄ eventuella förÀndringar i klimat och habitat. För att sÄdana strategier ska kunna utformas korrekt behövs bevarandeetologin, som ett verktyg av mÄnga.
I framtiden Ă€r förhoppningen att se mer applicerad bevarandeetologi, eventuellt med den hĂ€r studien som stöd i hur man kan anvĂ€nda fĂ€ltet praktiskt. Att dessutom kontinuerligt utvĂ€rdera anvĂ€ndandet av etologi inom bevarandearbete Ă€r nĂ„got som krĂ€vs för att en utveckling framĂ„t ska kunna ske. Jag har en stor tro pĂ„ att bevarandeetologi har mycket att bidra med inom bevarandet av den biologiska mĂ„ngfalden, men det krĂ€vs struktur över hur man ska anvĂ€nda det för att det ska bli en standard vid varje projekt.When work towards preserving the biodiversity on Earth is pursued, it is often required to understand how and why an animal exhibits different behaviours. Therefore, during the mid 1990âs, the interdisciplinary field conservation behaviour developed, as a tool to use ethology in that work. The field has encountered some obstacles in its development, although many scientists are positive and believe the field has great potential, and has despite the problems faced been able to contribute to conservation projects in different ways. The purpose with this literature review was to investigate how conservation behaviour has contributed to conservation projects in the past, how it can be a key to solve current problems in the work towards conservation and how it can be used in the future to create sustainable conservation projects.
The results of this study show that conservation behaviour has demonstrably been used in projects both ex situ and in situ, within reintroductions and translocations, and to help reduce human-animal conflicts. Through these contributions, many projects were able to succeed and reduce the risk of extinction in several species. There are also some problems that can be solved by using conservation behaviour, for example when conservation areas are planned and to evaluate the risk with effective population size that some species may encounter. Furthermore, an ethologist can understand how certain animals experience anthropogenic changes in the environment.
The conclusion is therefore that people with an expertise in animal behaviour can contribute to developing conservation projects, sustainable considering society, economy and environment, with long term results. A framework for how to use conservation behaviour is required in order to use the tool as effective as possible. Alternative questions for further research are proposed and encouraged, in order to establish conservation behaviour as a standard within conservation work
Manual correction of semi-automatic three-dimensional echocardiography is needed for right ventricular assessment in adults; validation with cardiac magnetic resonance
Background: Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and semi-automatic right ventricular delineation has been proposed as an appropriate method for right ventricle (RV) evaluation. We aimed to examine how manual correction of semi-automatic delineation influences the accuracy of 3DE for RV volumes and function in a clinical adult setting using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as the reference method. We also examined the feasibility of RV visualization with 3DE. Methods: 62 non-selected patients were examined with 3DE (Sonos 7500 and iE33) and with CMR (1.5T). Endocardial RV contours of 3DE-images were semi-automatically assessed and manually corrected in all patients. End-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic (ESV) volumes, stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF) were computed. Results: 53 patients (85%) had 3DE-images feasible for examination. Correlation coefficients and Bland Altman biases between 3DE with manual correction and CMR were r = 0.78, -22 +/- 27 mL for EDV, r = 0.83, -7 +/- 16 mL for ESV, r = 0.60, -12 +/- 18 mL for SV and r = 0.60, -2 +/- 8% for EF (p < 0.001 for all r-values). Without manual correction r-values were 0.77, 0.77, 0.70 and 0.49 for EDV, ESV, SV and EF, respectively (p < 0.001 for all r-values) and biases were larger for EDV, SV and EF (-32 +/- 26 mL, -21 +/- 15 mL and -6 +/- 9%, p <= 0.01 for all) compared to manual correction. Conclusion: Manual correction of the 3DE semi-automatic RV delineation decreases the bias and is needed for acceptable clinical accuracy. 3DE is highly feasible for visualizing the RV in an adult clinical setting
Associations between the SHARE frailty phenotype and common frailty characteristics:Evidence from a large Danish population study
QTc and QTc dispersion increases with age and is increased among females in a normal population
Effect of single follow-up home visit on readmission in a group of frail elderly patients:A Danish randomized clinical trial
Nutritional evaluation of lowering consumption of meat and meat products in the Nordic context
The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) recommended in 2007 that consumer intake of red meat is minimized and processed meat eliminated. The recommendation was based on a systematic review of the available literature on the association between meat consumption and cancer. The recommendation to individuals was to ingest less than 500 grams of red meat per weeks, and very little - if anything - processed meats. In a new study, National Food Institute has assessed the nutritional consequences from living the recommendations of the WCRF, in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. The current consumption of meat in the Nordic countries is not far from the level WCRF has proposed on an individual level. The study also shows that it will have no significant nutritional consequences to reduce the intake of meat to the recommended, neither when it comes to red meat nor processed meat
Liraglutide and semaglutide: pooled post hoc analysis to evaluate risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes
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