Profundidade de localização do herbicida imazetapir + imazapique no solo sobre a fitotoxicidade em de plantas de arroz não resistente Depth of placement of the herbicide imazethapyr + imazapic in soil profile on non-tolerant rice injury

Os herbicidas imazetapir e imazapique, usados em cultivares de arroz Clearfield®, possuem alta persistência e mobilidade no solo, ocasionando danos em genótipos de arroz não resistentes cultivados em rotação. Tais herbicidas podem lixiviar e atingir maiores profundidades ao longo do perfil. Esse posicionamento em profundidade pode ser um fator de seletividade e explicar parcialmente os diferentes resultados encontrados na literatura sobre o efeito residual do herbicida no solo. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da profundidade de localização no solo e da mistura formulada pelos herbicidas imazetapir e imazapique (75 e 25g e.a. L-1) na fitotoxicidade em genótipos de arroz não resistentes. Nesse sentido, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em solo com 15% de argila e 1,2% de matéria orgânica, em casa-de-vegetação, no campus da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS). O experimento I consistiu de estudo preliminar visando a determinar a profundidade máxima de localização do herbicida no solo que causa danos ao arroz não resistente, e o herbicida foi alocado nas profundidades de 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 e 70cm. O experimento II também consistiu na alocação do herbicida em profundidades ao longo do perfil do solo de 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 e 18cm. As variáveis analisadas foram fitotoxicidade, massa da matéria seca e estatura das plantas. O herbicida resultante da mistura formulada de imazetapir com imazapique localizado próximo à superfície do solo causa danos intensos em plantas de arroz não resistente, porém, quando alocado em profundidades maiores que 20cm da superfície do solo, não prejudica o desenvolvimento de genótipos de arroz não resistentes a essa mistura de herbicidas.<br>The herbicides imazethapyr and imazapic, used in Clearfield® rice, have high mobility and persistence in the soil, causing injury to non-resistant rice grown in rotation. These herbicides can leach and reach greater depths along the profile. This positioning can be a in-depth selectivity factor and partially explain the different results found in literature about carryover of imidazolines. To understand this effect, this study had the objective of to evaluate the effect of the positioning of the mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic (75g ai L-1 and 25g ai L-1) on the injury to non-resistant rice crop. Two experiments were carried out in soil with 15% clay and 1.2% organic matter in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Experiment I consisted of a preliminary study to verify the location depth of the herbicide in the soil profile that causes injury to rice non-tolerant rice, and the herbicides has been allocated at depths of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 e 70cm. Experiment II also consisted in the allocation of herbicide at depths in the soil profile of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18cm. The variables were visual plant injury, plant shoot dry weight and plant height. The formulated mixture of imazethapyr + imazapic located near the soil surface cause injury to non resistant rice plants but when allocated at depths greater than 20cm of the soil surface does not affect the development of non-resistant rice

Imazethapyr persistence in sandy loam detected using white mustard bioassay

Field experiments were conducted during two years at Srem region to investigate the influence of meteorological conditions, time and rate of application on soil persistence of imazethapyr in sandy loam type of soil. Imazethapyr was applied PRE- and POST-EM and in both cases in three application rates: 80, 120 and 160g a.i./ha. Soil samples were collected from the day of herbicide application in predetermined intervals up to one year after application and residual concentrations were determined with a white mustard root bioassay. Imazetapyr persistence was significantly influenced by meteorological conditions with average half-life being 6days longer in season with lower precipitation level. Time of application induced slower imazethapyr dissipation resulting in higher average t(1/2) (seven and nine days in first and second year of examination, respectively). Application rates had no consistent effect on imazethapyr persistence. Imazethapyr residue level one year after application caused no visible injuries on white mustard shoots, while root growth reduction ranged from 4.6 to 27.7%. Obtained residue levels were further compared with known data on crop sensitivity in order to assess possibility of crop injuries one year after imazethapyr application