28 research outputs found
FEKETEHĂZY JĂĄnos Ă©letpĂĄlyĂĄja: The Career of JĂĄnos FEKETEHĂZY / Carera lui JĂĄnos FEKETEHĂZY
This paper shows the life and work of engineer JĂĄnos FeketehĂĄzy, an outstanding personality of the late 19th century in building rail and road bridges in Hungary. Noted among the railway bridges are the ones on the Tisza at Szolnok and Poroszlo; and on the Danube at Baja. He also designed the road bridge on the Tisza at Szeged, the bridges of KomĂĄrom (ErzsĂ©bet-hĂd = Elizabeth Bridge) and the SzabadsĂĄg-hĂd (Liberty Bridge) in Budapest over the Danube among others. Some elements of civil construction, such as the roof of the "Keleti pĂĄlyaudvar" (Eastern Railway Station) also in Budapest shall also be attributed to him. We owe him a series of remarkable technical innovations in the field.
Rezumat
Lucraea prezintÄ viaÈa Èi opera inginerului JĂĄnos FeketehĂĄzy, o personalitate de excepÈie a sfĂąrÈitului secolului 19. Ăźn domeniul construcÈiei podurilor feroviare Èi rutiere din Ungaria. Dintre podurile feroviare se remarcÄ cele de pe Tisa la Szolnok Èi PoroszlĂł, sau cea de pe DunÄrea de la Baja. Tot el a proiectat podul rutier de pe Tisa de la Szeged (Seghedin), podurile de pe DunÄrea de la KomĂĄrom (ErzsĂ©bet-hĂd = Podul Elisabeta) Èi SzabadsĂĄg-hĂd (Podul LibertÄÈii) din Budapesta, dar Èi altele. I-se atribuie Èi cĂąteva elemente de construcÈii civile, cum este acoperiÈul gÄrii Keleti pÈlyaudvar (Gara de Est) tot din Budapesta. Ăi datorÄm Èi o serie de inovaÈii tehnice remarcabile Ăźn domeniu
Ki volt a BudavĂĄri AlagĂșt tervezĆje? Who was the designer of the BudavĂĄr Tunnel? / Cine a proiectat tunelul BudavĂĄr?
For the citizens the functionality of engineering constructions is more important than the identity of their designer. But who is the creator of an engineering construction? Is it the designer or the person who makes the plan, the intellectual work transformed into drawings, become reality? In fact, both of them are creators, but the plan is always a pre-condition of the building. The important question is whose name is remembered by the coming generations?Few people know that the designer of the Eiffel Tower (built in 1888-89) was not engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) as many believe, but a young Alsatian-Swiss engineer working in the Eiffel Engineering Office, called Maurice Koechlin (1856-1946). He got his degree at the Zurich technical university, just as JĂĄnos FeketehĂĄzy who designed the majority of Hungary's bridges. FeketehĂĄzy was the designer of the Szeged downtown bridge as well, which was believed to be an Eiffel-design by the citizens for half a century, but he also designed the huge industrial complex in Budapest-KĆbĂĄnya which is known today as Eiffel-Hall, utilized by the Hungarian State Opera.According to many professional books on the topic, the Buda Castle Tunnel was built as the continuation of the SzĂ©chenyi Chain Bridge's track to make the Budapest-DĂ©li railway station in KrisztinavĂĄros (in Buda) easily accessible for anyone travelling from the Pest-side of the city. We know that the designer of the Chain Bridge (plans made in 1838-39) was the English engineer William Tierney Clark (1783-1852) and the construction works (cofferdam construction from 1839, bridge construction in 1842-49) were led by the Scottish engineer Adam Clark (1811-1866). We also know that after handing over the bridge to the public, Adam Clark returned to London, then after the construction of a few more bridges (Pirna, Leitmeritz, Wien) he settled down in Hungary. His last big work was the construction of the Buda Castle Tunnel (handed over on 30th April, 1857), to which the construction plans were also made by himself. But can we consider him as the designer of the Buda Castle Tunnel? Both of the above assumptions are incorrect.The plan of the tunnel preceded not just the start of the first Hungarian railway line (test run: 10 November 1845, between Pest-RĂĄkospalota, start of passenger traffic: 17 July 1847 on the Pest-VĂĄc line), but also the construction plans of the Chain Bridge and the start of the passenger traffic on the bridge as well (20 November 1849).But who was the real designer then if not the person who made the construction plans based on the earlier approved plans? The answer is not simple and not unambiguous since the coming generations forgot about the identity of the real designer and gave this tile to Adam Clark. We try to explore the precedents and the names connected to the different plan versions, but in the end, considering that several plan versions became known, we have to admit that the constructor is to be thanked for the final form of the construction, irrespective of the authors of the plan concepts.
Rezumat
Pentru persoanele care folosesc lucrÄri de inginerie, relevanÈa acestora este importantÄ Èi mai puÈin creatorul. Dar cine este creatorul unei structuri? Este proiectantul sau persoana care implementeazÄ planul? De fapt, ambele sunt, dar existenÈa acestuia din urmÄ este condiÈionatÄ de existenÈa primului. Dar numele cÄreia se pÄstreazÄ pentru posteritate? PuÈini oameni Ètiu cÄ proiectantul turnului Eiffel (construit Ăźn 1888-89), contrar credinÈei populare, nu a fost Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (1832â1923), un antreprenor Ăźn construcÈii, ci un tĂąnÄr inginer alsacian-elveÈian care lucra pentru Eiffel, Maurice Koechlin (1856â1946), care a absolvit aceeaÈi Universitate TehnicÄ din Zurich ca JĂĄnos FeketehĂĄzy, care a proiectat cele mai multe poduri Ăźn Ungaria. Ètim cÄ a proiectat Èi podul din centrul oraÈului Szeged, despre care populaÈia crezuse timp de jumÄtate de secol cÄ este planul lui Eiffel, precum a construit Èi imensul complex industrial de hale din Budapesta-KĆbĂĄnya, care astÄzi este folosit de Opera de MaghiarÄ se Stat ca Sala Eiffel. Conform mai multor cÄrÈi tehnice, tunelul BudavĂĄr a fost construit ca o continuare a podului SzĂ©chenyi pentru a oferi acces rapid din partea Pest la Gara de Sud din Buda. Ètim cÄ podul cu lanÈuri (1838â1839) a fost proiectat de William Tierney Clark (1783â1852), un inginer englez, Èi construcÈia (construcÈia barajului din 1839, construcÈia podului 1842â49) de cÄtre inginerul scoÈian Adam Clark (1811â1866). Ètim cÄ Adam Clark s-a Ăźntors la Londra dupÄ intrarea Ăźn funcÈiune a podului, dar dupÄ construirea unor poduri (Pirna, Leitmeritz, Viena) s-a instalat Ăźn Ungaria, iar ultima sa lucrare importantÄ a fost construcÈia tunelului BudavĂĄr (inauguratÄ la 30 aprilie 1857). Dar poate fi considerat cu adevÄrat drept designerul tunelului BudavĂĄr? Ambele ipoteze de mai sus sunt incorecte.Proiectarea tunelului a precedat timp de mai mulÈi ani prima linie feroviarÄ maghiarÄ (testul Ăźntre Pest-RĂĄkospalota la 10 noiembrie 1845, Ăźnceperea traficului de pasageri pe linia Pest-VĂĄc la 17 iulie 1847), dar bineĂźnÈeles Èi planificarea efectivÄ a podului cu lanÈuri Èi Ăźnceputul traficului (20 noiembrie 1849). Dar cine a avut concepÈia, deoarece Ăźn mod evident nu a aparÈinut persoanei care a pregÄtit mai tĂąrziu planurile de realizare pe baza planurilor aprobate anterior? RÄspunsul nu este simplu Èi lipsit de ambiguitate, ĂźntrucĂąt posteritatea nu a pÄstrat niciun nume Ăźn calitate de designer Èi a acordat acest titlu lui Adam Clark. ĂncercÄm sÄ descoperim numele persoanelor care pot fi atribuite variantelor de plan Èi, Ăźn sfĂąrÈit, recunoaÈtem cÄ forma finalÄ, indiferent de autorul conceptelor de plan, se datoreazÄ implementatorului.
Kivonat
A mĂ©rnöki alkotĂĄsokat hasznĂĄlĂł lakossĂĄg szĂĄmĂĄra annak megfelelĆsĂ©ge a fontos Ă©s kevĂ©sbĂ© Ă©rdekes az alkotĂł szemĂ©lye. De ki egy Ă©pĂtmĂ©ny alkotĂłja? A tervezĆ, vagy az, aki a tervet, a rajzokba transzformĂĄlt szellemi alkotĂĄst a gyakorlatban megvalĂłsĂtja? ValĂłjĂĄban mindkettĆ, de az utĂłbbi lĂ©tezĂ©sĂ©nek feltĂ©tele az elĆbbi meglĂ©te. De mĂ©gis kinek a nevĂ©t Ćrzi meg az utĂłkor?KevĂ©s ember tudja, hogy az Eiffel torony (Ă©pĂŒlt 1888â89-ben) tervezĆje a közhiedelemmel ellentĂ©tben nem Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (1832â1923) mĂ©rnök, Ă©pĂtĂ©si vĂĄllalkozĂł volt, hanem egy, az Eiffel IrodĂĄban dolgozĂł ifjĂș elzĂĄszi-svĂĄjci mĂ©rnök, Maurice Koechlin (1856â1946), aki ugyanazon a ZĂŒrichi MƱszaki Egyetemen szerzett diplomĂĄt, mint a legtöbb magyarorszĂĄgi hidat tervezĆ FeketehĂĄzy JĂĄnos. RĂłla tudjuk, hogy azt a szegedi belvĂĄrosi hidat is Ć tervezte, amit fĂ©l Ă©vszĂĄzadon ĂĄt Eiffel-tervnek gondolt a lakossĂĄg Ă©s azt a hatalmas Budapest-KĆbĂĄnyĂĄn ĂĄllĂł ipari csarnok-komplexumot is, amit ma a Magyar Ăllami OperahĂĄz Eiffel-csarnok nĂ©ven hasznosĂt.Több szakkönyvben az olvashatĂł, hogy a BudavĂĄri AlagĂșt azĂ©rt Ă©pĂŒlt a SzĂ©chenyi LĂĄnchĂd nyomvonalĂĄnak folytatĂĄsakĂ©nt, hogy a pesti oldalrĂłl gyorsan elĂ©rhetĆ legyen a budai Krisztina-vĂĄrosban Ă©pĂŒlt DĂ©li pĂĄlyaudvar. Tudjuk, hogy a LĂĄnchĂd tervezĆje (terv 1838â1839) William Tierney Clark (1783â1852) angol mĂ©rnök volt Ă©s a kivitelezĂ©st (zĂĄrĂłgĂĄt Ă©pĂtĂ©se 1839-tĆl, hĂdĂ©pĂtĂ©s 1842â49) Adam Clark (1811â1866) skĂłt mĂ©rnök vezette. Tudjuk, hogy a hĂd hasznĂĄlatba vĂ©telĂ©t követĆen Adam Clark visszatĂ©rt Londonba, majd nĂ©hĂĄny hĂd (Pirna, Leitmeritz, BĂ©cs) megĂ©pĂtĂ©se utĂĄn MagyarorszĂĄgon telepedett le Ă©s utolsĂł nagy mƱve a BudavĂĄri AlagĂșt kivitelezĂ©se (ĂĄtadva 1857. ĂĄprilis 30-ĂĄn) volt, melyhez maga kĂ©szĂtett kiviteli (megvalĂłsulĂĄsi vagy realizĂĄciĂłs) tervrajzokat. De valĂłban Ć tekinthetĆ-e (az akkori nevĂ©n a budai VĂĄralagĂșt) tervezĆjĂ©nek? MindkĂ©t fentebbi feltĂ©telezĂ©s tĂ©ves.Az alagĂșt terve sok Ă©vvel megelĆzte az elsĆ magyarorszĂĄgi vasĂșt megindulĂĄsĂĄt (prĂłbaĂșt 1845. november 10. Pest-RĂĄkospalota között, Pest-VĂĄc vonalon a szemĂ©lyforgalom megindulĂĄsa 1847. jĂșlius 17-Ă©n), de a megvalĂłsult LĂĄnchĂd tĂ©nyleges tervezĂ©sĂ©t Ă©s termĂ©szetesen a LĂĄnchĂdon a közĂști forgalom kezdetĂ©t (1849. november 20.) is.De kiĂ© volt a koncepciĂł, mivel nyilvĂĄn nem azĂ©, aki a korĂĄbban jĂłvĂĄhagyott tervek alapjĂĄn kĂ©sĆbb a kiviteli terveket kĂ©szĂtette? A vĂĄlasz nem egyszerƱ Ă©s nem egyĂ©rtelmƱ, mivel az utĂłkor köztudata nem Ćrzött meg tervezĆkĂ©nt egy nevet sem, egyĂ©rtelmƱen ezt a cĂmet Adam Clarknak ajĂĄndĂ©kozta.
MegprĂłbĂĄljuk feltĂĄrni az elĆzmĂ©nyeket, a terv-vĂĄltozatokhoz rendelhetĆ neveket, vĂ©gĂŒl elismerjĂŒk, hogy mivel több tervvĂĄltozat vĂĄlt ismerttĂ©, a vĂ©gsĆ forma a tervkoncepciĂłk szerzĆsĂ©gĂ©tĆl fĂŒggetlenĂŒl a megvalĂłsĂtĂłnak köszönhetĆ.
 
Ăj lehetĆsĂ©gek Ă©s elkĂ©pzelĂ©sek a vidĂ©kfejlesztĂ©sben Ă©s a fejlesztĂ©spolitikĂĄban
A vidĂ©kfejlesztĂ©si szakpolitika egyre inkĂĄbb felĂ©rtĂ©kelĆdik. Ăgy gondoljuk, a vidĂ©kfejlesztĂ©st nem csak agrĂĄr-megközelĂtĂ©sbĆl kell szemlĂ©lni. Az EU komolyan veszi a vidĂ©ken Ă©lĆk problĂ©mĂĄit, Ă©s az Ă©letszĂnvonal növelĂ©sĂ©re törekszik. A KAP reformok segĂtenek a vidĂ©ki fejlesztĂ©spolitika tĂ©rnyerĂ©sĂ©ben Ă©s a vidĂ©k fejlĆdĂ©sĂ©nek gyors Ă©s pozitĂv vĂĄltozĂĄsĂĄban.
Napjainkban globĂĄlis versenyrĆl beszĂ©lhetĂŒnk. Ennek jellemzĆi a következĆk:
- a kereskedelem nemzetközivé vålåsa,
- a termelĂ©s Ă©s a tĆkeĂĄramlĂĄs vilĂĄgmĂ©retƱ növekedĂ©se,
- az innovĂĄciĂłs folyamatok globalizĂĄciĂłja.
Lengyel (2003) szerint ezek a fĆ jellemzĆk, mely ismeretekkel helytĂĄllhatunk a globĂĄlis versenyben. Ăgy gondoljuk, csak a tudĂĄsalapĂș tĂĄrsadalom fejlĆdĂ©si pĂĄlyĂĄjĂĄn lehetĂŒnk sikeresek.
MagyarorszĂĄg fejlĆdĂ©se a termĂ©szeti erĆforrĂĄsok hasznĂĄlatĂĄra Ă©pĂŒl. A falusi termelĂ©s mellett az energetikai cĂ©lĂș termelĂ©s, valamint az integrĂĄlt Ă©s az ökolĂłgiai gazdĂĄlkodĂĄs is elkĂ©pzelhetĆ. Indokolt a zöldsĂ©g-gyĂŒmölcs termelĂ©s Ă©s az ĂĄllattenyĂ©sztĂ©s fejlesztĂ©se. Nagyon fontos a foglalkoztatĂĄs növelĂ©se Ă©s a nĂ©pessĂ©gmegtartĂĄs.
A vidĂ©kfejlesztĂ©s szerepe tĂ©rben Ă©s idĆben vĂĄltozĂł. A vĂĄltozĂĄsok ĂĄttekintĂ©se fontos, hogy az ismeretek birtokĂĄban a vidĂ©ki terĂŒletek fejlĆdĂ©se nagyobb lendĂŒlettel folytatĂłdjon.
A versenykĂ©pessĂ©gre hatĂł tĂ©nyezĆket sok szerzĆ elemezte. EmlĂthetĆ Csath (2019), SzƱcs â Marselek (2019), ChikĂĄn A. (2017), HollĂł â Marselek (2016) munkĂĄssĂĄga.
A falvak fejlesztĂ©se sorĂĄn fontos szempontokat kell figyelembe venni. Rövid ĂĄttekintĂ©sĂŒnkben csak nĂ©hĂĄny, a kutatĂĄssal összefĂŒggĆ terĂŒletre utalunk. Ilyenek pl.: a földhasznĂĄlat kĂ©rdĂ©se, a mezĆ- Ă©s vidĂ©kgazdasĂĄg helyzete, az agrĂĄr-versenykĂ©pessĂ©g, a környezetvĂ©delem, az öntözĂ©s Ă©s vĂzvĂ©delem, a zöld gazdasĂĄg Ă©s a körforgĂĄsos gazdasĂĄg
Synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and bacteriostatic study of Pt complexes with substituted amine ligands
Three complexes of general formula PtCl2R2 were synthesized, where R is the amine ligand with aromatic substituents. Coordination compounds [Pt(an)2Cl2] (1), [Pt(pa)2Cl2] (2) and [Pt(aph)2Cl2] (3), where an = 2-aminonaphthalene, pa = 2-aminopyrimidine, aph = 4-anilinophenol, were characterized by on-line coupled TG/DTA-MS, powder XRD and spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, ESIâMS and NMR), and tested against selected Gram(+) and Gram(â) bacteria. The thermal data show that all three compounds contain lattice or absorbed water, and the stability of the anhydrous compounds in nitrogen decreases in the order 2 > 1 > 3. Above 200 °C, the complexes loose characteristic fragments of their ligands. The spectroscopic data are in accordance with the thermal properties of the samples and prove their composition. The compounds are more effective inhibitors of Gram(+) than Gram(â) bacteria. © 2016 AkadĂ©miai KiadĂł, Budapest, Hungar
Significant improvement in melanoma survival over the last decade: A Hungarian nationwide study between 2011 and 2019
Recent real-world studies have reported significant improvements in the survival of malignant melanoma in the past few years, mainly as a result of modern therapies. However, long-term survival data from Central Eastern European countries such as Hungary are currently lacking.This nationwide, retrospective study examined melanoma survival in Hungary between 2011-2019 using the databases of the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) and Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Hungary. Crude overall survival and age-standardized 5-year net survival as well as the association between age, sex, and survival were calculated.Between 2011 and 2019, 22,948 newly diagnosed malignant melanoma cases were recorded in the NHIF database (47.89% male, mean age: 60.75 years (SD: ±16.39)). 5-year overall survival was 75.40% (women: 80.78%; men: 69.52%). Patients diagnosed between 2017-2019 had a 20% lower risk of mortality compared to patients diagnosed between 2011-2012 (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.89; p<0.0001). Age-standardized 5-year net survival rates in 2011-2014 and 2015-2019 were 90.6% and 95.8%, respectively (women: 93.1% and 98.4%, men: 87.8% and 92.7%, respectively). The highest age-standardized 5-year net survival rates were found in the 0-39 age cohort (94.6% in the 2015-2019 period).Hungary has similar melanoma survival rates to Western European countries. Based on net survival, the risk of dying of melanoma within 5 years was cut by more than half (55%) during the study period, which coincides with the successful implementation of awareness campaigns and the wide availability of modern therapies