Probleme und politische Einstellungen in Heidelberg

Umfrage zu Problemen und politischen Einstellungen in Heidelberg im Vorfeld der Kommunanal- und Europawahlen 1994. 662 Telefoninterviews

"No Lady need apply" oder "Im Rock kann man sich der Pedale nicht bedienen" : Organistinnen auf dem Weg der Professionalisierung

Basierend auf den Forschungen des Sophie Drinker Instituts für das Online-Lexikon „Europäische Instrumentalistinnen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts“ (seit 2006) und mit Hilfe vorliegender regionaler Untersuchungen wird ein erster Überblick über die Kultur- und Professionalisierungsgeschichte der Organistin gegeben: deutschsprachiger Raum, französische Schweiz, Frankreich und England. Kriterien der Professionalisierung waren der Zugang zum Instrument (Frage der ‚Schicklichkeit‘), private und institutionelle Ausbildung, Probespiele, Anstellungen, Bezahlung, Umfang der Dienstverpflichtungen und die Verbindung mit Dirigententätigkeit. Baugeschichtliche Besonderheiten (zeitweiliges Fehlen von Pedalregistern) und das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen künstlerischer Tätigkeit und „anspruchslosem“ Gemeindedienst haben dazu beigetragen, Frauen den Weg an die Orgel zu erleichtern oder auch zu erschweren

"No Lady need apply" oder "Im Rock kann man sich der Pedale nicht bedienen": Organistinnen auf dem Weg der Professionalisierung

Basierend auf den Forschungen des Sophie Drinker Instituts für das Online-Lexikon "Europäische Instrumentalistinnen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts" (seit 2006) und mit Hilfe vorliegender regionaler Untersuchungen wird ein erster Überblick über die Kultur- und Professionalisierungsgeschichte der Organistin gegeben: deutschsprachiger Raum, französische Schweiz, Frankreich und England. Kriterien der Professionalisierung waren der Zugang zum Instrument (Frage der 'Schicklichkeit'), private und institutionelle Ausbildung, Probespiele, Anstellungen, Bezahlung, Umfang der Dienstverpflichtungen und die Verbindung mit Dirigententätigkeit. Baugeschichtliche Besonderheiten (zeitweiliges Fehlen von Pedalregistern) und das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen künstlerischer Tätigkeit und "anspruchslosem" Gemeindedienst haben dazu beigetragen, Frauen den Weg an die Orgel zu erleichtern oder auch zu erschweren.des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts" (since 2006) and available regional surveys, a first overview of the female organists’ history of professionalization and of civilization can be given in the German-speaking area, the French-speaking Switzerland, France and England. The essential criterions for the professionalization have been: access to the instrument (issue of 'decency'), private and institutional education, proceedings of application, employment, payment, the scale of the engagements and the combination with the function of conductor. Structural characteristics in history (for instance temporary missing of pedal-board) and the tension between artistic occupation and 'trivial' community service have been contributed to either relieve or complicate women's access to the organ

The history of conservatories in German-speaking countries during the 19th century

In spite of its fundamental importance for musical life, institutional music education during the 19th century has not been systematically explored as of yet. With a study on the history of the conservatories in German-speaking countries during the 19th century, the Sophie Drinker Institut Bremen addresses this desideratum. The survey examines 17 conservatories as case-studies, employing a guide of key questions. The result will be an overview of the institutions with their different founding contexts, organizational and funding models, sponsorships and various educational concepts. This article discusses the core questions of the study and its theoretical and methodological framework. It concludes with a brief look at some specific issues such as the social background of the students and the target groups, the focus of education at the respective conservatories, didactic subjects and the students’ genders. (DIPF/Orig.

Contextual influences on physical activity and eating habits -options for action on the community level

Background: This conceptual paper aims to illustrate the ways in which communities are able to advance health improvements on a population level. Outcome measures may include increased physical activity and healthier eating habits in particular, as well as an improved health-related quality of life and social cohesion as more generic outcomes. Main body: The paper begins by asking initial questions: Why did previous health-specific interventions only show moderate effects on an individual level and mixed effects on a population level? What is the added value of a community-based public health perspective compared to the traditional biomedical perspective when it comes to prevention? Why are we living the way we are living? Why do we eat what we eat? Why do we move the way we move? Subsequently, we illustrate the broad spectrum of contextual interventions available to communities. These can have geographical and technological as well as economic, political, normative and attitude-specific dimensions. It is shown that communities have a strong influence on health-related contexts and decision-making of adults, adolescents and children. In addition contextual characteristics, effects, mediators, moderators and consequences relevant for health can differ greatly between age groups. Both small-scale settings and overarching sectors possess physical, economic, political and sociocultural characteristics that can be proactively influenced by community decision-makers in the sense of a “health in all policies”-strategy. Short conclusion: After presenting various interdisciplinary approaches to community-based health interventions, the manuscript closes with the following core message: Successful community-based health promotion strategies consist of multilevel – multicomponent interventions on the micro, meso and macro-level-environments

A participatory parent-focused intervention promoting physical activity in preschools: design of a cluster-randomized trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With rates of childhood obesity increasing, physical activity (PA) promotion especially in young children has assumed greater importance. Given the limited effectiveness of most interventions to date, new approaches are needed. The General Systems theory suggests that involving parents as intervention targets may be effective in fostering healthier life styles in children. We describe the development of a parent-focused participatory intervention and the procedures used to evaluate its effectiveness in increasing daily PA in preschoolers.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>Thirty-seven South German preschools were identified for this study and agreed to participate. Using a two-armed, controlled cluster-randomized trial design we test a participatory intervention with parents as the primary target group and potential agents of behavioural change. Specifically, the intervention is designed to engage parents in the development, refinement and selection of project ideas to promote PA and in incorporating these ideas into daily routines within the preschool community, consisting of children, teachers and parents. Our study is embedded within an existing state-sponsored programme providing structured gym lessons to preschool children. Thus, child-based PA outcomes from the study arm with the parent-focused intervention and the state-sponsored programme are compared with those from the study arm with the state-sponsored programme alone. The evaluation entails baseline measurements of study outcomes as well as follow-up measurements at 6 and 12 months. Accelerometry measures PA intensity over a period of six days, with the mean over six days used as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes include childrens' BMI, a sum of averaged skin fold thickness measurements across multiple sites, and PA behaviour. Longitudinal multilevel models are used to assess within-subject change and between-group differences in study outcomes, adjusted for covariates at the preschool and individual levels. Teacher qualitative interviews monitor the intervention implementation process.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Participatory approaches that actively involve parents have the potential to promote PA in ways that might be better tailored to local needs and more sustainable. Our mixed methods approach to assess the intervention efficacy and implementation employing both quantitative and qualitative measures within a cluster-randomized controlled trial may serve as a framework for evaluating public health interventions in preschool settings.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p><b>clinicaltrials.gov No: NCT00987532</b></p

Assessing the extent of shared decision making in Pediatrics: Preliminary psychometric evaluation of the German CollaboRATE(pediatric) scales for patients aged 7-18 years, parents and parent-proxy reports

Objective: To conduct a preliminary evaluation of psychometric properties of CollaboRATEpediatric, a set of three scales to assess shared decision making (SDM) with pediatric patients, parents and parents on behalf of their children (parent-proxy reports). As secondary objectives we examined the scales' distributional characteristics, acceptability, and agreement between scales. Methods: Patients aged & GE; 7 years and parents were recruited in two outpatient facilities providing healthcare services for children with neurological and behavioral health conditions. We collected 46, 169 and 227 pediatric patient, parent-proxy and parent reports, respectively. Convergent, divergent and discriminative validity were investigated. Acceptability of the scales and agreement between patient and parent-proxy reports were explored by assessing item nonresponse and Bland-Altman plots. Results: While convergent and divergent validity were established for the parent scale, discriminative validity was not demonstrated for any of the scales. The scales showed good to excellent acceptability. Parent proxy reports agreed to a moderate extent with patients' self-reports of SDM. Conclusion: CollaboRATEpediatric offers a starting point for parsimoniously assessing SDM in Pediatrics, however further psychometric testing is warranted. Practice Implications: Given limited psychometric support for the pediatric patient scale, we recommend using both the pediatric patient and parent-proxy report scales to assess SDM in pediatric patients until further psychometric testing is concluded.(C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Do family characteristics contribute to a socioeconomic gradient in overweight in early childhood? – Single mediation analyses of data from German preschool children

Children’s overweight is strongly associated with family socioeconomic position (SEP) and family characteristics (FC). There is limited research on the extent to which FC account for a socioeconomic gradient in childhood overweight. This study examined whether FC explain SEP differences in the prevalence of overweight. The study used baseline data of preschool-aged children from the German ‘PReschool INtervention Study’. The sample (n = 872, 48% girls) was recruited at kindergartens in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Data included children’s measured weight status and parents’ reports on socioeconomic indicators (e.g., school education, vocational education, income) and FC. Variables represent main determinants of overweight (nutrition: sweets consumption in front of TV, soft drink consumption, regular breakfast, child sets table; physical activity: outdoor sports; parental role model). In single mediation analyses indirect effects of SEP on overweight were analysed (OR[95%CI]). Preschool girls and boys with low parental education had higher odds for overweight than children with high parental education. Among boys, low levels of parental education contributed to the odds of overweight via indirect effects by both factors ‘sweets consumption in front of TV’ (OR = 1.31[1.05–1.59]) and ‘no sports’ (OR = 1.14[1.01–1.38]). Among girls, FC measured did not explain SEP differences in overweight. Family nutrition and parental/family physical activity contribute to inequalities in overweight among preschool boys, but not girls. Research is needed to identify FC that explain inequalities in overweight for both