Der „Dialog über die Vögel“ von G. LONGOLIUS (Köln 1544). Lateinischer Originaltext, deutsche Übersetzung, Kommentierung

GISBERT LONGOLIUS (*1507 - †1543) lebte zeitweilig und verstarb in Köln, studierte an der Alten Universität Köln und war hier auch später (mit gerade 30 Jahren) Professor (s.u.). Sein in Latein verfasstes Werk „Dialogus de avibus …“ erschien 1544 ebenfalls in Köln, weshalb das Kölner Autorenteam aufmerksam wurde. Die nachfolgende erstmalige Übersetzung ins Deutsche basiert auf dem Band in der Privatbibliothek des Kölner Zoologen Prof. Dr. Dr. HANS ENGLÄNDER († 2011). Das Original befindet sich nunmehr in der Universitätsbibliothek in Köln. Die Übersetzung übernahm dankenswerter Weise der mit dem Erstautor befreundete Drittautor A. PEUSTER († 2013) mit sehr großer Sorgfalt und viel Einfühlsamkeit

Atmospheric Effects on Fate of Aerially Applied Agricultural Sprays

The deposition and drift of aerially applied crop protection materials is influenced by a numberof factors including equipment setup and operational parameters, spray material, and meteorological conditions. This work focuses on evaluating the meteorological influences on the transport and ultimate fate of aerially applied sprays. There was no single meteorological factor that dominated the downwind transport of the spray treatments replicated in this study. Generally, lower relative humidity decreased downwind deposition and the amount of spray unaccounted for due to evaporative effects. Increasing wind speeds decreased both in-swath deposition and downwind deposition, and increased the amount of mass unaccounted for.Increases in stability were only moderately correlated to downwind deposition and to flux measurements past 40 m. Though this data set covers a limited range of meteorological conditions, the trends hold from the standpoint of the system physics, and provide applicators with a further understanding of the relationships between spray transport and deposition and local meteorology

Air and Spray Mixture Temperature Effects on Atomization of Agricultural Sprays

spray drift associated with agrochemical operations is highly dependent upon the physical properties of the spray solution with respect to how they influence atomization.  This study examined two spray solutions across a wide range of solution temperatures for two nozzles spraying into two high speed airstreams.  The dynamic surface tension and viscosity of the spray solutions were also measured across the range of temperatures.  Generally as the solution temperature increased, the dynamic surface tension and viscosity both decreased.  This decrease in physical properties was directly related to the decrease in spray droplet size for all nozzles and airspeeds tested.  Monitoring of spray solution temperature throughout the spray system of a typical agricultural aircraft demonstrated that while changes in the spray solutions temperature do occur, the range is much less than the ranges across which this atomization study covered.  During a typical aerial application scenario, the temperature of a spray solution and the associated physical properties and atomization characteristics would not be expected to see significant variation

Western corn rootworm pyrethroid resistance confirmed by aerial application simulations of commercial insecticides

The western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) (WCR) is a major insect pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in the United States (US) and is highly adaptable to multiple management tactics. A low level of WCR field-evolved resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has been confirmed in the US western Corn Belt by laboratory dose-response bioassays. Further investigation has identified detoxification enzymes as a potential part of the WCR resistance mechanism, which could affect the performance of insecticides that are structurally related to pyrethroids, such as organophosphates. Thus, the responses of pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible WCR populations to the commonly used pyrethroid bifenthrin and organophosphate dimethoate were compared in active ingredient bioassays. Results revealed a relatively low level of WCR resistance to both active ingredients. Therefore, a simulated aerial application bioassay technique was developed to evaluate how the estimated resistance levels would affect performance of registered rates of formulated products. The simulated aerial application technique confirmed pyrethroid resistance to formulated rates of bifenthrin whereas formulated dimethoate provided optimal control. Results suggest that the relationship between levels of resistance observed in dose-response bioassays and actual efficacy of formulated product needs to be further explored to understand the practical implications of resistance