23,214 research outputs found
Medical requirements in support of long duration manned space flight
Medical support program for crew health and performance requirements in manned space flights of long duratio
Biological generalizations and the search for extraterrestrial life
Biological exploration for extraterrestrial lif
Centrifugally Obtained Artificial Gravity
Centrifugally obtained artificial gravity effects on space station crew performanc
The Complex Links Between Governance and Biodiversity
We argue that two problems weaken the claims of those who link corruption and the exploitation of natural resources. The first is conceptual. Studies that use national level indicators of corruption fail to note that corruption comes in many forms, at multiple levels, and may or may not affect resource use. Without a clear causal model of the mechanism by which corruption affects resources, one should treat with caution any estimated relationship between corruption and the state of natural resources. The second problem is methodological: Simple models linking corruption measures and natural resource use typically do not account for other important causes and control variables pivotal to the relationship between humans and natural resources. By way of illustration of these two general concerns, we demonstrate that the findings of a well known recent study that posits a link between corruption and decreases in forests, elephants, and rhinoceros are fragile to simple conceptual and methodological refinements
A transport properties of a moderately dense lennard-jones gas
First and second order density corrections to transport coefficients of moderately dense ga
The complex links between governance and biodiversity
We argue that two problems weaken the claims of those who link corruption and the exploitation of natural resources. The first is conceptual. Studies that use national level indicators of corruption fail to note that corruption comes in many forms, at multiple levels, and may or may not affect resource use. Without a clear causal model of the mechanism by which corruption affects resources, one should treat with caution any estimated relationship between corruption and the state of natural resources. The second problem is methodological: Simple models linking corruption measures and natural resource use typically do not account for other important causes and control variables pivotal to the relationship between humans and natural resources. By way of illustration of these two general concerns, we demonstrate that the findings of a well known recent study that posits a link between corruption and decreases in forests, elephants, and rhinoceros are fragile to simple conceptual and methodological refinements.Environmental Economics and Policy,
Results of a study of the stability of cointegrating relations comprised of broad monetary aggregates
There is strong evidence of a stable “money demand” relationship for MZM and M2 through the 1990s. Though the M2 relationship breaks down somewhere around 1990, evidence has been accumulating that the disturbance is well characterized as a permanent upward shift in M2 velocity that began around 1990 and was largely over by 1994. This paper’s results support the hypothesis that households permanently reallocated a portion of their wealth from time deposits to mutual funds. This reallocation may have been induced by depository restructuring, but it could also be explained by appropriately measured opportunity cost.Demand for money
Unfolding cross-linkers as rheology regulators in F-actin networks
We report on the nonlinear mechanical properties of a statistically
homogeneous, isotropic semiflexible network cross-linked by polymers containing
numerous small unfolding domains, such as the ubiquitous F-actin cross-linker
Filamin.
We show that the inclusion of such proteins has a dramatic effect on the
large strain behavior of the network. Beyond a strain threshold, which depends
on network density, the unfolding of protein domains leads to bulk shear
softening. Past this critical strain, the network spontaneously organizes
itself so that an appreciable fraction of the Filamin cross-linkers are at the
threshold of domain unfolding. We discuss via a simple mean-field model the
cause of this network organization and suggest that it may be the source of
power-law relaxation observed in in vitro and in intracellular microrheology
experiments. We present data which fully justifies our model for a simplified
network architecture.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. to appear in Physical Review
Hyponatremia in the 2009 161-km Western States Endurance Run
Purpose:To determine the incidence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), the associated biochemical measurements and risk factors for EAH, and whether there is an association between postrace blood sodium concentration ([Na+]) and changes in body mass among participants in the 2009 Western States Endurance Run, a 161-km mountain trail run.
Methods: Change in body mass, postrace [Na+], and blood creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentration, and selected runner characteristics were evaluated among consenting competitors.
Results: Of the 47 study participants, 14 (30%) had EAH as defined by a postrace [Na+] /L. Postrace [Na+] and percent change in body mass were directly related (r = .30, P = .044), and 50% of those with EAH had body mass losses of 3–6%. EAH was unrelated to age, sex, finish time, or use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during the run, but those with EAH had completed a smaller (P = .03) number of 161-km ultramarathons. The relationship of CPK levels to postrace [Na+] did not reach statistical significance (r = –.25, P = .097).
Conclusions: EAH was common (30%) among finishers of this 161-km ultramarathon and it was not unusual for those with EAH to be dehydrated. As such, changes in body mass should not be relied upon in the assessment for EAH during 161-km ultramarathons
The role of social cognition in decision making
Successful decision making in a social setting depends on our ability to understand the intentions, emotions and beliefs of others. The mirror system allows us to understand other people's motor actions and action intentions. ‘Empathy’ allows us to understand and share emotions and sensations with others. ‘Theory of mind’ allows us to understand more abstract concepts such as beliefs or wishes in others. In all these cases, evidence has accumulated that we use the specific neural networks engaged in processing mental states in ourselves to understand the same mental states in others. However, the magnitude of the brain activity in these shared networks is modulated by contextual appraisal of the situation or the other person. An important feature of decision making in a social setting concerns the interaction of reason and emotion. We consider four domains where such interactions occur: our sense of fairness, altruistic punishment, trust and framing effects. In these cases, social motivations and emotions compete with each other, while higher-level control processes modulate the interactions of these low-level biases
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