Quantifying Factors Affecting Sidewall Air Inlet Performance

A generalized sidewall air inlet (SWAI) was designed based on past research (Wu et al., 1994; Hoff et al., 1994). Research was conducted on this SWAI design to evaluate volumetric flow rate as a function of inlet height, opening height, hood design, deflecting vane-design, and static pressure difference across the inlet. Dimensional analysis was used as a tool to decide the importance of each inlet parameter. Extreme values of Pi terms were calculated, tested, and compared with each other to analyze the significance of inlet parameters affecting the discharge coefficient and volumetric flow rate. Results showed that the discharge coefficient ranged from 0.58 to 0.90 and was affected by the opening aspect ratio, weather hood approach angle, and deflecting vane angle. Design graphs are presented for evaluating the discharge coefficient for this generalized inlet

Elevating the Role of the Outdoor Environment for Adolescent Wellbeing in Everyday Life

In light of concerns about adolescent mental health, there is a need to identify and examine potential pathways to wellbeing in their daily lives. Outdoor environments can offer multiple pathways to wellbeing through opportunities for restoration, physical activity and socialising. However, urbanisation and new lifestyles revolving around the home and the internet are changing young people's access, use and relationship to the outdoor environment. The authors point out how the research related to adolescents' outdoor environments is generally not treated with the same level of importance or as comprehensively as that for younger children. The aim of this paper is to pave the way for research and planning initiatives on everyday outdoor environments promoting the wellbeing of adolescents and the authors suggest ways in which perspectives from developmental psychology might inform the study of adolescents' outdoor environments. The paper concludes by calling for an elevated focus on the role of outdoor environments in adolescents' everyday lives as a source of wellbeing and more research that makes clear the specific attributes, activities and experiences related to places outdoors which make adolescents feel good

A Not So-Random Walk with Wind: Evaluating Wind Velocity Update Methods in Ground Based Spray Deposition Models

The notion that wind speed and direction can be approximated by adding a random fluctuation to the previous value was investigated. The data were recorded at one meter above a field to simulate conditions that are present at a ground sprayer‘s boom. Variance ratio tests were carried out to test the null hypothesis that wind possesses similar properties to a random walk versus the alternative that wind does not. More specifically, are the random fluctuations auto correlated with one another in time? This process was done to a 10Hz sample and averages of the measured wind data at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, 60, 300, and 600 seconds. It was found that for all tests, except for the 300 and 600 second data samples, the null hypothesis was rejected at greater than 99.9% certainty. This indicates that there is evidence of autocorrelation (rather than randomness) in the measurements of wind speed and direction, associated with each other in time

Monitoring and Modeling of Emissions from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Overview of Methods

Accurate monitors are required to determine ambient concentration levels of contaminants emanating from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), and accurate models are required to indicate the spatial variability of concentrations over regions affected by CAFOs. A thorough understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of concentration levels could then be associated with locations of healthy individuals or subjects with respiratory ailments to statistically link the presence of CAFOs to the prevalence of ill health effects in local populations. This workgroup report, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, describes instrumentation currently available for assessing contaminant concentration levels in the vicinity of CAFOs and reviews plume dispersion models that may be used to estimate concentration levels spatially. Recommendations for further research with respect to ambient air monitoring include accurately determining long-term average concentrations for a region under the influence of CAFO emissions using a combination of instruments based on accuracy, cost, and sampling duration. In addition, development of instruments capable of accurately quantifying adsorbed gases and volatile organic compounds is needed. Further research with respect to plume dispersion models includes identifying and validating the most applicable model for use in predicting downwind concentrations from CAFOs. Additional data are needed to obtain reliable emission rates from CAFOs

Portland Downtown Waterfront Development, Volume 2, Appendix: Site Analysis and Logistics

161 pagesAppendix: Site Analysis and Logistics Students in a graduate urban design studio based at the University of Oregon’s Portland campus were asked to create urban design redevelopment proposals for downtown Portland. Students began the term by analyzing the site as a team of eight groups assessing existing building typologies and dimensions, transportation infrastructure, environmental conditions, zoning requirements, history of the place and culture, physical aspects of the site, relevant urban design precedents, and by creating base drawings from which the class could then build upon throughout the term (see appendix for this analysis). The class was then divided into six groups, each of which developed an urban design development proposal for the same downtown site. The students worked together to draw from downtown Portland’s existing qualities while addressing challenges by proposing designs that could make the city’s center a more welcoming and vibrant area

Ionophore‐Based Biphasic Chemical Sensing in Droplet Microfluidics

Droplet microfluidics is an enabling platform for high‐throughput screens, single‐cell studies, low‐volume chemical diagnostics, and microscale material syntheses. Analytical methods for real‐time and in situ detection of chemicals in the droplets will benefit these applications, but they remain limited. Reported herein is a novel heterogeneous chemical sensing strategy based on functionalization of the oil phase with rationally combined sensing reagents. Sub‐nanoliter oil segments containing pH‐sensitive fluorophores, ionophores, and ion‐exchangers enable highly selective and rapid fluorescence detection of physiologically important electrolytes (K+, Na+, and Cl−) and polyions (protamine) in sub‐nanoliter aqueous droplets. Electrolyte analysis in whole blood is demonstrated without suffering from optical interference from the sample matrix. Moreover, an oil phase doped with an aza‐BODIPY dye allows indication of H2O2 in the aqueous droplets, exemplifying sensing of targets beyond ionic species.Phase in: The oil phase in droplet microfluidics is functionalized with rationally combined sensing reagents. Thus, the sub‐nanoliter oil segments become chemical sensors toward specific targets in their adjacent sub‐nanoliter aqueous droplets. This biphasic sensing platform enables detection of a wide spectrum of targets including ionic, polyionic, and non‐ionic species, in a real‐time and reagent‐conservative fashion.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149501/1/anie201902960_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149501/2/anie201902960-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149501/3/anie201902960.pd