Hypertension Prevention and Control Program

"nTo control hypertension in Iran, one of the most preventable diseases, a program was established in rural areas of the coun­try, employing the main strategy of people screening aged 30 years old and above, confirmation of suspected cases, offering ca­res and follows up. This program is integrated in the primary health care system at rural areas. An evaluation system embed­ded in the program, helps collecting data on main variable defined, including new cases and care taken. According to the results, the defects of the program are mainly categorized as education and referral system accessibility

Effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter on prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Iranian adults: an ecologic study

Air pollution is considered as an environmental risk to health worldwide. Current evidence is mostly from Western populations exposed to lower levels of pollutants. This study was to explore the association of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension prevalence with exposure to high levels of air pollution in Iranian adults. The air pollution data were obtained from the air quality monitoring stations of five large cities in Iran from 2006 to 2011. The air quality monitoring stations could only detect ambient particulate matter₁₀ (PM10) during the study period; therefore, the average PM10 concentration was considered for comparison. We grouped the cities as group 1 (Tehran, Shiraz) with PM10 concentration < 100 μg/m3, and group 2 (Kermanshah, Ahwaz, Esfahan) with PM10 concentration > 100 μg/m3. Data from the Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease (SuRFNCD) study were used to calculate the prevalence of T2D and hypertension. We assessed the association between air pollution and the prevalence of T2D using logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 CI for each outcome were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and other covariates. The 5-year average of PM10 concentration was higher in group 2 (120.15 ± 6.81 μg/m3) compared to group 1 (83.95 ± 7.81 μg/m3). The prevalence of T2D in group 2 was 13.8, while it was 10.7 in group 1 (p = 0.01), OR = 1.32 (95 CI 1.03â��1.69). Similarly, hypertension was more prevalent in group 2 (15.7 vs. 11.9, p = 0.005, OR = 1.55, 95 CI 1.20â��1.99). PM10 is associated with higher prevalence of T2D and hypertension in Iranian adults. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

Effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter on prevalence of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Iranian adults: an ecologic study

Air pollution is considered as an environmental risk to health worldwide. Current evidence is mostly from Western populations exposed to lower levels of pollutants. This study was to explore the association of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension prevalence with exposure to high levels of air pollution in Iranian adults. The air pollution data were obtained from the air quality monitoring stations of five large cities in Iran from 2006 to 2011. The air quality monitoring stations could only detect ambient particulate matter₁₀ (PM10) during the study period; therefore, the average PM10 concentration was considered for comparison. We grouped the cities as group 1 (Tehran, Shiraz) with PM10 concentration < 100 μg/m3, and group 2 (Kermanshah, Ahwaz, Esfahan) with PM10 concentration > 100 μg/m3. Data from the Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease (SuRFNCD) study were used to calculate the prevalence of T2D and hypertension. We assessed the association between air pollution and the prevalence of T2D using logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 CI for each outcome were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and other covariates. The 5-year average of PM10 concentration was higher in group 2 (120.15 ± 6.81 μg/m3) compared to group 1 (83.95 ± 7.81 μg/m3). The prevalence of T2D in group 2 was 13.8, while it was 10.7 in group 1 (p = 0.01), OR = 1.32 (95 CI 1.03â��1.69). Similarly, hypertension was more prevalent in group 2 (15.7 vs. 11.9, p = 0.005, OR = 1.55, 95 CI 1.20â��1.99). PM10 is associated with higher prevalence of T2D and hypertension in Iranian adults. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

The Iranian blood pressure measurement campaign, 2019: study protocol and preliminary results

Purpose Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for premature mortality and morbidity in Iran. The objective of the Iranian blood pressure (BP) measurement campaign was to identify individuals with raised blood pressure and providing appropriate care and increase the awareness among the public and policymakers of the importance of tackling hypertension. Methods The campaign was conducted in two phases. The first (communication) phase started on May 17th (International Hypertension Day). The second phase started on June 8th, 2019, and lasted up to July 7th during which, blood pressures were measured. The target population was Iranians aged >= 30 years. Participants voluntarily referred to health houses in rural and health posts and comprehensive health centers in urban areas in the setting of the Primary Health Care network. Additionally, over 13,700 temporary stations were set up in highly visited places in urban areas. Volunteer healthcare staff interviewed the participants, measured their BP, and provided them with lifestyle advice and knowledge of the risks and consequences of high blood pressure. They referred participants to physicians in case their BP was high. Participants immediately received a text message containing the relevant advice based on their measured BP and their past history. Results Blood pressure was measured for a total of 26,678,394 participants in the campaign. A total of 13,722,148 participants (51.4) were female. The mean age was 46 +/- 14.1 years. Among total participants, 15,012,693 adults (56.3) with no past history of hypertension had normal BP, 7,959,288 participants had BP in the prehypertension range (29.8), and finally, 3,706,413 participants (13.9) had either past medical history of hypertension, used medications, or had high BP measured in the campaign. Conclusion The campaign was feasible with the objective to increase the awareness among the public and policymakers of the importance of tackling hypertension in Iran

The Iranian blood pressure measurement campaign, 2019: study protocol and preliminary results

Purpose Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for premature mortality and morbidity in Iran. The objective of the Iranian blood pressure (BP) measurement campaign was to identify individuals with raised blood pressure and providing appropriate care and increase the awareness among the public and policymakers of the importance of tackling hypertension. Methods The campaign was conducted in two phases. The first (communication) phase started on May 17th (International Hypertension Day). The second phase started on June 8th, 2019, and lasted up to July 7th during which, blood pressures were measured. The target population was Iranians aged >= 30 years. Participants voluntarily referred to health houses in rural and health posts and comprehensive health centers in urban areas in the setting of the Primary Health Care network. Additionally, over 13,700 temporary stations were set up in highly visited places in urban areas. Volunteer healthcare staff interviewed the participants, measured their BP, and provided them with lifestyle advice and knowledge of the risks and consequences of high blood pressure. They referred participants to physicians in case their BP was high. Participants immediately received a text message containing the relevant advice based on their measured BP and their past history. Results Blood pressure was measured for a total of 26,678,394 participants in the campaign. A total of 13,722,148 participants (51.4) were female. The mean age was 46 +/- 14.1 years. Among total participants, 15,012,693 adults (56.3) with no past history of hypertension had normal BP, 7,959,288 participants had BP in the prehypertension range (29.8), and finally, 3,706,413 participants (13.9) had either past medical history of hypertension, used medications, or had high BP measured in the campaign. Conclusion The campaign was feasible with the objective to increase the awareness among the public and policymakers of the importance of tackling hypertension in Iran