8,077 research outputs found
It’s driving her mad: gender differences in the effects of commuting on psychological well-being
In this paper, we seek to explore the effects of commuting time on the psychological well-being of men and women in the UK. We use annual data from the British Household Panel Survey in a fixed effects panel framework that includes variables known to determine well-being, as well as factors which may provide compensation for commuting such as income, job satisfaction and housing quality. Our results show that, even after all these variables are considered, commuting still has an important detrimental effect on the well-being of women, but not men, and this result is robust to numerous different specifications. We explore possible explanations for this gender difference and can find no evidence that it is due to women´s shorter working hours or weaker occupational position. Rather women´s greater sensitivity to commuting time seems to be a result of their larger responsibility for day-to-day household tasks, including childcare
Electron localisation in static and time-dependent one-dimensional model systems
Electron localization is the tendency of an electron in a many-body system to
exclude other electrons from its vicinity. Using a new natural measure of
localization based on the exact manyelectron wavefunction, we find that
localization can vary considerably between different ground-state systems, and
can also be strongly disrupted, as a function of time, when a system is driven
by an applied electric field. We use our new measure to assess the well-known
electron localization function (ELF), both in its approximate single-particle
form (often applied within density-functional theory) and its full
many-particle form. The full ELF always gives an excellent description of
localization, but the approximate ELF fails in time-dependent situations, even
when the exact Kohn-Sham orbitals are employed.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
The Onset of Nuclear Structure Effects in Near-Barrier Elastic Scattering of Weakly-Bound Nuclei: He and Li Compared
The elastic scattering of the halo nucleus He from heavy targets at
incident energies near the Coulomb barrier displays a marked deviation from the
standard Fresnel-type diffraction behavior. This deviation is due to the strong
Coulomb dipole breakup coupling produced by the Coulomb field of the heavy
target, a specific feature of the nuclear structure of He. We have
performed Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels calculations for the elastic
scattering of He and Li from Ni, Sn, Sm,
Ta and Pb targets in order to determine the range of
where this nuclear-structure specific coupling effect becomes
manifest. We find that the strong Coulomb dipole breakup coupling effect is
only clearly experimentally distinguishable for targets of .Comment: 10 pages with 3 figure
Orientational Ordering and Dynamics of Rodlike Polyelectrolytes
The interplay between electrostatic interactions and orientational
correlations is studied for a model system of charged rods positioned on a
chain, using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. It is shown that the coupling
brings about the notion of {\em electrostatic frustration}, which in turn
results in: (i) a rich variety of novel orientational orderings such as chiral
phases, and (ii) an inherently slow dynamics characterized by
stretched-exponential behavior in the relaxation functions of the system.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figure
Nucleon-nucleon cross sections in neutron-rich matter and isospin transport in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies
Nucleon-nucleon (NN) cross sections are evaluated in neutron-rich matter
using a scaling model according to nucleon effective masses. It is found that
the in-medium NN cross sections are not only reduced but also have a different
isospin dependence compared with the free-space ones. Because of the
neutron-proton effective mass splitting the difference between nn and pp
scattering cross sections increases with the increasing isospin asymmetry of
the medium. Within the transport model IBUU04, the in-medium NN cross sections
are found to influence significantly the isospin transport in heavy-ion
reactions. With the in-medium NN cross sections, a symmetry energy of
was found most acceptable
compared with both the MSU isospin diffusion data and the presently acceptable
neutron-skin thickness in Pb. The isospin dependent part of isobaric nuclear incompressibility was further narrowed down to
MeV. The possibility of determining simultaneously the in-medium
NN cross sections and the symmetry energy was also studied. The proton
transverse flow, or even better the combined transverse flow of neutrons and
protons, can be used as a probe of the in-medium NN cross sections without much
hindrance from the uncertainties of the symmetry energy.Comment: 32 pages including 14 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Global optical potential for nucleus-nucleus systems from 50 MeV/u to 400 MeV/u
We present a new global optical potential (GOP) for nucleus-nucleus systems,
including neutron-rich and proton-rich isotopes, in the energy range of MeV/u. The GOP is derived from the microscopic folding model with the
complex -matrix interaction CEG07 and the global density presented by S{\~
a}o Paulo group. The folding model well accounts for realistic complex optical
potentials of nucleus-nucleus systems and reproduces the existing elastic
scattering data for stable heavy-ion projectiles at incident energies above 50
MeV/u. We then calculate the folding-model potentials (FMPs) for projectiles of
even-even isotopes, C, O, Ne, Mg,
Si, S, Ar, and Ca, scattered by stable
target nuclei of C, O, Si, Ca Ni, Zr,
Sn, and Pb at the incident energy of 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120,
140, 160, 180, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 MeV/u. The calculated FMP is
represented, with a sufficient accuracy, by a linear combination of 10-range
Gaussian functions. The expansion coefficients depend on the incident energy,
the projectile and target mass numbers and the projectile atomic number, while
the range parameters are taken to depend only on the projectile and target mass
numbers. The adequate mass region of the present GOP by the global density is
inspected in comparison with FMP by realistic density. The full set of the
range parameters and the coefficients for all the projectile-target
combinations at each incident energy are provided on a permanent open-access
website together with a Fortran program for calculating the microscopic-basis
GOP (MGOP) for a desired projectile nucleus by the spline interpolation over
the incident energy and the target mass number.Comment: 25 pages, 13 figure
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