Long-chain alcohol production by yeasts

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Exploration of implementation variables impacting trauma informed practices in schools: A narrative review

Current literature suggests that by using trauma- informed practices (TIP) in our schools and classrooms, positive short and long-term outcomes can be achieved for both children and their communities. However, there is little research identifying what helps or hinders the implementation of trauma-informed practice in schools or the development of a practitioner’s trauma-informed pedagogy. As part of this narrative review, 25 trauma- informed practice implementation variables were identified from 34 peer-reviewed works of current (2015-2020) literature using a process of thematic analysis. This review utilised an ecological model as an overlay to present these variables in a useable format. The results of this research may be utilised to identify unaddressed implementation variables that support practice change and TIP in schools. The literature and this review support the idea that, if given the right input, conditions and setting events, an effective trauma-informed practice or pedagogy can be developed. Furthermore, by helping practitioners fill the gaps in their knowledge and assisting them to develop their trauma-informed pedagogy, they are able to create an environment where students who have experienced complex trauma may be healthy, safe, engaged, and supported

Exploration of implementation variables impacting trauma informed practices in schools: A narrative review

Current literature suggests that by using trauma- informed practices (TIP) in our schools and classrooms, positive short and long-term outcomes can be achieved for both children and their communities. However, there is little research identifying what helps or hinders the implementation of trauma-informed practice in schools or the development of a practitioner’s trauma-informed pedagogy. As part of this narrative review, 25 trauma- informed practice implementation variables were identified from 34 peer-reviewed works of current (2015-2020) literature using a process of thematic analysis. This review utilised an ecological model as an overlay to present these variables in a useable format. The results of this research may be utilised to identify unaddressed implementation variables that support practice change and TIP in schools. The literature and this review support the idea that, if given the right input, conditions and setting events, an effective trauma-informed practice or pedagogy can be developed. Furthermore, by helping practitioners fill the gaps in their knowledge and assisting them to develop their trauma-informed pedagogy, they are able to create an environment where students who have experienced complex trauma may be healthy, safe, engaged, and supported

An fMRI investigation of moral cognition in healthcare decision making

This study used fMRI to investigate the neural substrates of moral cognition in health resource allocation decision problems. In particular, it investigated the cognitive and emotional processes that underpin utilitarian approaches to health care rationing such as Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Participants viewed hypothetical medical and nonmedical resource allocation scenarios which described equal or unequal allocation of resources to different groups. In addition, participants were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments in which they either did or did not receive advanced instructions about the principles of utilitarianism. In all cases, participants were asked to judged the proposed allocations as “fair” or “unfair.” More brain activity was observed within the superior parietal lobe, angular gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, and bilateral caudate nucleus when participants viewed scenarios depicting equal divisions of resources. Conversely, unequal resource divisions were associated with more activity in the inferior frontal gyrus and insula cortex. Furthermore, instructions about the principles of utilitarianism led to significant activation differences within the inferior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. Significant differences in activity were also found within the inferior frontal cortex and anterior insula between medical and nonmedical scenarios. The implications for cognitive control mechanisms and the cognitive and neural bases of utilitarian ethical judgment are discussed