4,112 research outputs found
Contraction of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb
Background and Purpose. Activity of the trunk muscles is essential for maintaining stability of the lumbar spine because of the unstable structure of that portion of the spine. A model involving evaluation of the response of the lumbar multifidus and abdominal muscles to leg movement was developed to evaluate this function. Subjects. To examine this function in healthy persons, 9 male and 6 female subjects (mean age = 20.6 years, SD = 2.3) with no history of low back pain were studied. Methods. Fine-wire and surface electromyography electrodes were used to record the activity of selected trunk muscles and the prime movers for hip flexion, abduction, and extension during hip movements in each of these directions. Results. Trunk muscle activity occurring prior to activity of the prime mover of the limb was associated with hip movement in each direction. The transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle was invariably the first muscle that was active. Although reaction time for the TrA and oblique abdominal muscles was consistent across movement directions, reaction time for the rectus abdominis and multifidus muscles varied with the direction of limb movement. Conclusion and Discussion. Results suggest that the central nervous st stem deals with stabilization of the spine by contraction of the abdominal and multifidus muscles in anticipation of reactive forces produced by limb movement. The TrA and oblique abdominal muscles appear to contribute to a function not related to the direction of these forces
Generalized Effective Reducibility
We introduce two notions of effective reducibility for set-theoretical
statements, based on computability with Ordinal Turing Machines (OTMs), one of
which resembles Turing reducibility while the other is modelled after Weihrauch
reducibility. We give sample applications by showing that certain (algebraic)
constructions are not effective in the OTM-sense and considerung the effective
equivalence of various versions of the axiom of choice
Epistemic Logic with Partial Dependency Operator
In this paper, we introduce dependency modality
into epistemic logic so as to reason about
dependency relationship in Kripke models. The resulted dependence epistemic
logic possesses decent expressivity and beautiful properties. Several
interesting examples are provided, which highlight this logic's practical
usage. The logic's bisimulation is then discussed, and we give a sound and
strongly complete axiomatization for a sub-language of the logic
One-Particle Excitation of the Two-Dimensional Hubbard Model
The real part of the self-energy of interacting two-dimensional electrons has
been calculated in the t-matrix approximation. It is shown that the forward
scattering results in an anomalous term leading to the vanishing
renormalization factor of the one-particle Green function, which is a
non-perturbative effect of the interaction U. The present result is a
microscopic demonstration of the claim by Anderson based on the conventional
many-body theory. The effect of the damping of the interacting electrons, which
has been ignored in reaching above conclusion, has been briefly discussed.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure, uses jpsj.sty, to be published in J. Phys.
Soc. Jpn. 66 No. 3 (1997
Beyond deficiency:Potential benefits of increased intakesof vitamin K for bone and vascular health
Vitamin K is wellknown for its role in the synthesisof a number of blood coagulationfactors.During recent years vitaminK-dependent proteins werediscovered to be of vital importancefor bone and vascular health.Recommendations for dietary vitaminK intake have been made onthe basis of the hepatic requirementsfor the synthesis of bloodcoagulation factors.Accumulatingevidence suggests that the requirementsfor other functions thanblood coagulation may be higher.This paper is the result of a closedworkshop (Paris,November 2002)in which a number of Europeanvitamin K experts reviewed theavailable data and formulated theirstandpoint with respect to recommendeddietary vitamin K intakeand the use of vitamin K-containingsupplements
Experimental Implementation of Logical Bell State Encoding
Liquid phase NMR is a general purpose test-bed for developing methods of
coherent control relevant to quantum information processing. Here we extend
these studies to the coherent control of logical qubits and in particular to
the unitary gates necessary to create entanglement between logical qubits. We
report an experimental implementation of a conditional logical gate between two
logical qubits that are each in decoherence free subspaces that protect the
quantum information from fully correlated dephasing.Comment: 9 Pages, 5 Figure
Movement-based subgrouping in low back pain: synergy and divergence in approaches
Background Classification systems for low back pain (LBP) aim to guide treatment decisions. In physiotherapy, there are five classification schemes for LBP which consider responses to clinical movement examination. Little is known of the relationship between the schemes
Sensory and motor deficits exist on the non-injured side of patients with unilateral tendon pain and disability - implications for central nervous system involvement: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Introduction Tendinopathy manifests as activity-related tendon pain with associated motor and sensory impairments. Tendon tissue changes in animals present in injured as well as contralateral non-injured tendon. This review investigated evidence for bilateral sensory and motor system involvement in unilateral tendinopathy in humans
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