113 research outputs found

    Dynamic instability of supercritical driveshafts mounted on dissipative supports ― effect of viscous and hysteretic internal damping

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    International audienceThe case of a rotating shaft with internal damping mounted either on elastic dissipative bearings or on infinitely rigid bearings with viscoelastic suspensions is investigated in order to obtain the stability region. A Euler–Bernoulli shaft model is adopted, in which the transverse shear effects are neglected and the effects of translational and rotatory inertia, gyroscopic moments, and internal viscous or hysteretic damping are taken into account. The hysteretic damping is incorporated with an equivalent viscous damping coefficient. Free motion analysis yields critical speeds and threshold speeds for each damping model in analytical form. In the case of elastic dissipative bearings, the present results are compared with the results of previous studies on finite element models. In the case of infinitely rigid bearings with viscoelastic suspensions, it is established that viscoelastic supports increase the stability of long shafts, thus compensating for the loss of efficiency which occurs with classical bearings. The instability criteria also show that the effect of the coupling which occured between rigid modes introducing external damping and shaft modes are almost more important than damping factor. Lastly, comparisons between viscous and hysteretic damping conditions lead to the conclusion that an appropriate material damping model is essential to be able to assess these instabilities

    Dynamics of a supercritical composite shaft mounted on viscoelastic supports

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    International audienceThe damping in a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminate is greater than that which occurs in most metallic materials. In the supercritical regime, the damping can trigger unstable whirl oscillations, which can have catastrophic effects. The vibrations occurring in a supercritical composite drive shaft are investigated here in order to predict instabilities of this kind. A simply supported carbon/epoxy composite tube mounted on viscoelastic supports is studied, using an approximation of the Rayleigh-Timoshenko equation. The damping process is assumed to be hysteretic. The composite behavior is described in terms of modulus and loss factor, taking homogenized values. The critical speeds are obtained in several analytical forms in order to determine the effects of factors such as the rotatory inertia, the gyroscopic forces, the transverse shear and the supports stiffness. Assuming that the hysteretic damping can be expressed in terms of the equivalent viscous model, the threshold speed is obtained in the form of an analytical criterion. The influence of the various factors involved is quantified at the first critical speed of a subcritical composite shaft previously described in the literature. The influence of the coupling mechanisms on the unsymmetrical composite laminate and the end fittings is also investigated using a finite element model. None of these parameters were found to have a decisive influence in this case. Those having the greatest effects were the transverse shear and the supports stiffness. The effects of the composite stacking sequence, the shaft length and the supports stiffness on the threshold speed were then investigated. In particular, drive shafts consisting only of ±45° or ±30° plies can be said to be generally unstable in the supercritical regime due to their very high loss factors

    Design of high rotation frequency composite tubes

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    International audienceThis work relates to the sizing of subcritical and supercritical laminated composite drive shafts. The hollows drive shafts are designed to transmit the torsional load and to minimize the dynamic effects due to rotation. To meet this need, these structures must combined strength, rigidity and lightness. New high modulus carbon fibres can be adapted to a progress in this field. This work presents sizing tools for optimisation of supercritical drive shafts mounted on viscoelastic suspensions. Two items are discussed: dynamic analysis (response to forces excitation; free motion; instability), strength (buckling of thin tubes; torsional strength). Supercritical drive shafts examples made of high modulus fibres or high-strength fibres are presented

    Optimisation of hybrid high-modulus/high-strength carbon fibre reinforced plastic composite drive shafts

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    International audienceThis study deals with the optimisation of hybrid composite drive shafts operating at subcritical or supercritical speeds, using a genetic algorithm. A formulation for the flexural vibrations of a composite drive shaft mounted on viscoelastic supports including shear effects is developed. In particular, an analytic stability criterion is developed to ensure the integrity of the system in the supercritical regime. Then it is shown that the torsional strength can be computed with the maximum stress criterion. A shell method is developed for computing drive shaft torsional buckling. The optimisation of a helicopter tail rotor driveline is then performed. In particular, original hybrid shafts consisting of high-modulus and high-strength carbon fibre reinforced epoxy plies were studied. The solutions obtained using the method presented here made it possible to greatly decrease the number of shafts and the weight of the driveline under subcritical conditions, and even more under supercritical conditions. This study yielded some general rules for designing an optimum composite shaft without any need for optimisation algorithms

    Comportement à rupture dans le sens des fibres de FRP sous chargement statique et de fatigue = Behaviour until rupture of FRP in the fibre direction under static and fatigue loads

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    National audienceLa rupture des matériaux composites est due à de nombreux mécanismes agissants à différentes échelles. Les modèles basés sur la mécanique de l'endommagement peuvent décrire les endommagements diffus progressifs induits par de petites fissures parallèles à la direction des fibres [1-2]. Même si la taille de ces fissures correspondent à l'épaisseur du pli, elles ne mènent pas en général à la rupture du stratifié. Par contre, la rupture d'un pli dans la direction des fibres est en général catastrophique pour le stratifié et la structure. Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse expérimentale et un modèle à l'échelle du pli pour décrire la rupture dans le sens des fibres pour des chargements statique et de fatigue. Ce modèle repose sur une diminution de la résistance sens fibre pour des niveaux d'endommagement transverse élevés. Dans un premier temps, on rappelle le modèle d'évolution de l'endommagement associé aux fissures parallèles aux fibres, pour des chargements statiques et de fatigue [3]

    On the tension-tension fatigue behaviour of a carbon reinforced thermoplastic part II: evaluation of a dumbbell-shaped specimen

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    International audienceFor performing uni-axial fatigue tests on composite materials, ASTM D3479/D3479M Standard Test Method for Tension–Tension Fatigue of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials is often considered. This standard prescribes a rectangular shaped specimen with end tabs. However, in part I of this study it became clear that for some materials, such as the carbon PPS under study, the proposed geometry is not ideal for fatigue tests. In this manuscript, a dumbbell (dogbone) shape is assessed to see whether it performs better under fatigue loading conditions, primarily meaning that failure does not occur in the tabbed section. The shape is first optimised using finite element modelling, after which fatigue experiments are performed. It may be concluded, for the material under study, that the dumbbell shape is preferable to rectangular since failure never occurred under or near the tabbed section, and fatigue life is highly underestimated when using the rectangular specimen

    Rupture de structures stratifiées avec concentrations de contraintes : apport du Volume Caractéristique de Rupture = Failure of laminated structures with stress concentrations : use of the Fracture Characteristic Volume

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    National audienceDans ce travail, nous présentons une approche pragmatique pour décrire la rupture de structures stratifiées en présence de gradient de contrainte. Si dans le cas de stratifiés soumis à un champ de déformation homogène, les critères de rupture classiques fonctionnent bien, ce n'est pas le cas pour les structures présentant des gradients de contraintes. Des méthodes de type ‘Average Stress' ou ‘Point Stress' permettent de décrire la rupture de structures avec concentrations de contraintes. Notre approche repose sur un Volume Caractéristique de Rupture (VCR) plus cohérent avec la zone rompue et plus adapté aux simulations numériques

    Rupture en fatigue de structures composites stratifiés

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    National audienceUn modèle basé sur la mécanique continue de l'endommagement et un critère de rupture non local ont été développés pour étudier le comportement à rupture de structures stratifiées. Dans ce travail, le modèle développé précédemment dans le cas de chargements statiques a été étendu à la fatigue. Le modèle d'endommagement décrit les effets de la dégradation du composite dans des directions transversales et de cisaillement ainsi que les déformations anélastiques dans la direction de cisaillement. Le critère non local permet de décrire la rupture dans la direction des fibres en présence de concentrations de contrainte. Le modèle et le critère non local ont été étendus à la fatigue et implémentés dans Abaqus. Enfin, des exemples sont présentés dans le cas de stratifiés tissés déséquilibrés verre/époxy et de plaques trouées sous chargements cycliques de tension-tension

    Reconstruction de champ par identification des conditions aux limites : Principes et Applications

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    National audienceSee http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/59/28/23/ANNEX/r_68GLWI89.pd

    Endommagement de composites stratifiés verre/epoxy sous chargement statique et de fatigue

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    Cette étude traite de la modélisation du comportement à rupture de composites stratifiés constitués de plis tissés déséquilibrés verre/epoxy sous chargements statique et de fatigue. Des essais de traction monotone puis cycliques sur des éprouvettes plates ont permis de décrire le comportement du matériau à l'échelle du pli. Les plis tissés déséquilibrés ont un comportement élasto-endommageable dans les directions chaîne et trame, et élasto-plastique endommageable en cisaillement. Deux types de ruptures peuvent être distinguées: (i) Une rupture fragile qui correspond à une déformation maximale des fibres; (ii) une rupture par instabilité de la structure due à l'endommagement. Le modèle, basé sur un endommagement cumulé, permet de décrire l'évolution de l'endommagement sous chargements statique et de fatigue. L'évolution de l'endommagement statique dépend du maximum du chargement et prend en compte les couplages entre traction et cisaillement. L'évolution de l'endommagement de fatigue dépend du maximum du chargement mais également de l'amplitude du chargement. Le domaine de validité de ce modèle se limite à la rupture du premier pli et ne décrit pas le délaminage
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