Functional recovery of sciatic nerve through inside-out vein graft in rats

AbstractObjectivePresent study aimed at further comprehensive functional, histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration using rat sciatic nerve transection model.MethodsThe 10-mm rat sciatic nerve gap was created in rats. In control group nerve stumps were sutured to adjacent muscle and in treatment group the gap was bridged using an inside-out vein graft. In sham-operated group the nerve was manipulated and left intact. All animals underwent walking track analysis test 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Subsequently, muscle mass measurement was performed to assess reenervation, histological examination to observe the sciatic nerve regeneration morphologically and Immunohistochemistry to detect Schwann cells using anti S-100. Results were analyzed using a factorial ANOVA with two between-subjects factors. Bonferroni test for pairwise comparisons was used to examine the effect of treatments.ResultsFunctional analysis of myelinated nerve fibers showed that nerve function improved significantly in the time course in treatment group. However, quantitative morphometrical analysis of myelinated nerve fibers showed that there was no significant difference between 8 and 12 weeks in treatment group. Muscle weight ratio was bigger and weight loss of the gastrocnemius muscle was ameliorated by inside-out vein grafting. The position of positive immunohistochemical reactions further implied that regenerated axons and Schwann cell-like cells existed after vein grafting was performed, and was accompanied by the process of myelination and structural recovery of regenerated nerves.ConclusionFunctional analysis of peripheral nerve repair is far more reliable than quantitative morphometrical analysi

Altered Immune Responses in Mice After Receiving Nicotine-pulsed Mesenchymal Stem Cell-conditioned Medium

Introduction: Previous investigations have documented that nicotine-pulsed mesenchymalstem cells (MSCs) can induce an anti-inflammatory phenotype in some immune cells in vitro.This study aimed to assess the effects of nicotine-pulsed MSCS in the function of immunecells, macrophages, and lymphocytes of mice receiving these cels.Materials and Methods: Bone marrow-derived MSCs (1.5×106) were seeded in a T75flaskand incubated with 0, .1, .5, or 1 μM nicotine until the cells reached 90% confluency.Afterwards, immunophenotyping change, vitality, concentration of TGF-β, IL-10, and IDOlevels of the MSC-conditioned medium were examined. Correspondent to in vitro results, theC57BL/6 mice intravenously received 400 μL of the conditioned medium of MSCs (CM),conditioned medium of nicotine (.5 μM)-pulsed MSCs (CMN), or medium. After 12 h, thelymphocytes, neutrophils, and peritoneal macrophages of the mice were isolated and theirfunction was evaluated ex vivo.Results: The least effective dose concentration of nicotine that led to an anti-inflammatoryenvironment by the MSC-conditioned medium was 0.5 μM. Nicotine at this concentrationprompted a higher level of TGF-β, IDO concentration in the conditioned medium. However,this concentration did not affect the MScs’ markers expressions or MScs’ vitality. T lymphocytesisolated from the mice receiving CMN showed a significant decrease in proliferation rate. Theratio of the IFN-γ gene expression to IL-4 gene expression in splenocytes was significantlyreduced in the mice receiving CMN compared to the mice receiving CM. The neutral reduptake, respiratory burst, and nitric oxide production of the peritoneal macrophage onlydecreased in the mice treated with CMN. These factors also decreased in neutrophils isolatedfrom mice receiving CM or CMN. However, these decreases were more prominent in the micetreated with CMN.Conclusion: Treatment of MSCs by nicotine may be a promising strategy to enhance theimmunomodulatory properties of these cells

Incidence of Linguatula serrata nymphs and pathological lesions of mesenteric lymph nodes in cattle from Urmia, Iran

This study was aimed to determine the infection rates of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) with Lin-guatula serrata nymphs and their pathological lesions. From November 2012 to June 2013, the MLNs of 104 cattle were randomly sampled in Urmia slaughterhouse, northwestern Iran. They were examined macroscopically and histopathologically. The infected and non-infected lymph nodes were processed for histopathology. They were examined under light microscope and observations were recorded. The results indicated that out of 104 sampled cattle, 63 (60.57%) were infected. Macro-scopic examination revealed that the infected lymph nodes were swollen and dark, with rubbery con-sistency, some with subcapsular haemorrhages on cutting. The mean number of counted lymph node follicles in the nodes from healthy cattle at random microscopic levels was 18±2.8 (range 15–23), compared to 48.9±3.7 (range 44–57) in the infected nodes. Because L. serrata is a zoonotic parasite, preventive measures should be adopted to break the parasite’s cycle and minimise the risk of infection in both humans and other animals

Analysis of the effect of subcutaneous injection of omental-derived cells on the healing of third degree burns in rats: A preliminary study Effet de l�injection sous-cutanée de cellules épiploïques sur la cicatrisation de brûlures du troisième degré chez le rat: �tude préliminaire

Burn injury is considered a global health issue. Third degree burn wounds do not heal spontaneously and require skin grafts. Some factors could contribute to wound healing. In this study we assessed the effect of non-fatty omental cells in burn wound healing. Similar third degree burn wounds were induced on the back of 192 rats. Forty-eight of these rats were put in a control group that did not receive any treatment. The rest of the rats were put in 3 groups, each receiving a different treatment regime. Rats in group 2 had a daily application of silver sulfadiazine; group 3 rats were injected with omental cells, and group 4 rats were injected with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) once, followed by daily application of Vaseline to the burned region. Parameters such as open epidermis length, number of epidermal cell layers, granulation tissue thickness (GTT) and neutrophil density were evaluated in each group. The average open epidermis length in the omental cell group was less than in the other groups on days 10 and 20 (P<0.05). The thickness of epidermal cell layers in the group receiving cells was greater than in the other groups on all days. On the 20th day, there was a significant difference in GTT between the four groups (P<0.05). The injection of non-fatty omental cells has a positive effect on third degree burn wounds in rats. © 2018, Mediterranean Club for Burns and Fire Disasters. All rights reserved