11 research outputs found
Research of Regenerative Braking Strategy for Electric Vehicles
In the context of global energy instability caused by the transformation of global demand for energy and energy resources, one of the most important areas in the automotive industry is the development of electric vehicles. Serial production of high-tech electric vehicles with a long range contributes to the stabilization of the energy market and the sustainable development of the whole fuel-energy sector. To evaluate the possibility of optimizing the electric vehicles energy consumption, various regenerative braking strategies are discussed in the article based on the Nissan Leaf electric vehicle, which simulation model includes submodules of the traction electric motor, hybrid braking system, traction rechargeable battery and tires. In order to test the adequacy of the simulation model to reproduce the relationship between the operating parameters of electric vehicles various systems and evaluate their ability to regenerate energy during braking the simulation results were compared with the actual experimental data published by the Lab Avt research laboratory (USA). The relative error of the mathematical modeling results of the braking energy regeneration processes is 4.5 %, which indicates the adequacy of the electric vehicle simulation model and the possibility of its using as a base for research and comparison of the energy efficiency of various regenerative braking strategies. As the results of experiments have shown, the usage of the proposed control strategy of the regenerative braking maximum force allows increasing 2.14 times the energy recharging traffic to the battery as compared with the basic control strategy of fixed coefficient braking forces distribution with an increase in braking distance by 10 m. An alternative control strategy of regenerative braking optimal efficiency as compared to the basic control strategy provides a reduction in braking distance by 13.2 % at increasing by 84.4 % the amount of energy generated by the electric motor for recharging the batteries. The carried out investigations confirm the available significant potential for improving the efficiency of the electric vehicles usage by developing the control strategy and algorithms of the braking energy regeneration
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ
In the context of global energy instability caused by the transformation of global demand for energy and energy resources, one of the most important areas in the automotive industry is the development of electric vehicles. Serial production of high-tech electric vehicles with a long range contributes to the stabilization of the energy market and the sustainable development of the whole fuel-energy sector. To evaluate the possibility of optimizing the electric vehicles energy consumption, various regenerative braking strategies are discussed in the article based on the Nissan Leaf electric vehicle, which simulation model includes submodules of the traction electric motor, hybrid braking system, traction rechargeable battery and tires. In order to test the adequacy of the simulation model to reproduce the relationship between the operating parameters of electric vehicles various systems and evaluate their ability to regenerate energy during braking the simulation results were compared with the actual experimental data published by the Lab Avt research laboratory (USA). The relative error of the mathematical modeling results of the braking energy regeneration processes is 4.5 %, which indicates the adequacy of the electric vehicle simulation model and the possibility of its using as a base for research and comparison of the energy efficiency of various regenerative braking strategies. As the results of experiments have shown, the usage of the proposed control strategy of the regenerative braking maximum force allows increasing 2.14 times the energy recharging traffic to the battery as compared with the basic control strategy of fixed coefficient braking forces distribution with an increase in braking distance by 10Β m. An alternative control strategy of regenerative braking optimal efficiency as compared to the basic control strategy provides a reduction in braking distance by 13.2 % at increasing by 84.4 % the amount of energy generated by the electric motor for recharging the batteries. The carried out investigations confirm the available significant potential for improving the efficiency of the electric vehicles usage by developing the control strategy and algorithms of the braking energy regeneration.Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ³Π΅. Π‘Π΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ Nissan Leaf, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ±ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Lab Avt (Π‘Π¨Π), ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ 4,5 %, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ± Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π² 2,14 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° 10Β ΠΌ. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° 13,2Β % ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° 84,4Β % ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Study on driver model for hybrid truck based on driving simulator experimental results
In this paper, a proposed car-following driver model taking into account some features of both the compensatory and anticipatory model representing the human pedal operation has been verified by driving simulator experiments with several real drivers. The comparison between computer simulations performed by determined model parameters with the experimental results confirm the correctness of this mathematical driver model and identified model parameters. Then the driver model is joined to a hybrid vehicle dynamics model and the moderate car following maneuver simulations with various driver parameters are conducted to investigate influences of driver parameters on vehicle dynamics response and fuel economy. Finally, major driver parameters involved in the longitudinal control of drivers are clarified. Keywords: Driver model, Driver-vehicle closed-loop system, Car Following, Driving simulator/hybrid electric vehicle (B1
A Survey of Post-Quantum Cryptography: Start of a New Race
Information security is a fundamental and urgent issue in the digital transformation era. Cryptographic techniques and digital signatures have been applied to protect and authenticate relevant information. However, with the advent of quantum computers and quantum algorithms, classical cryptographic techniques have been in danger of collapsing because quantum computers can solve complex problems in polynomial time. Stemming from that risk, researchers worldwide have stepped up research on post-quantum algorithms to resist attack by quantum computers. In this review paper, we survey studies in recent years on post-quantum cryptography (PQC) and provide statistics on the number and content of publications, including a literature overview, detailed explanations of the most common methods so far, current implementation status, implementation comparisons, and discussion on future work. These studies focused on essential public cryptography techniques and digital signature schemes, and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) launched a competition to select the best candidate for the expected standard. Recent studies have practically implemented the public key encryption/key encapsulation mechanism (PKE/KEM) and digital signature schemes on different hardware platforms and applied various optimization measures based on other criteria. Along with the increasing number of scientific publications, the recent trend of PQC research is increasingly evident and is the general trend in the cryptography industry. The movement opens up a promising avenue for researchers in public key cryptography and digital signatures, especially on algorithms selected by NIST
Measuring load of phosphate in the environment by passive sampling techniques - an introduction
Phosphorus has a number of indispensable biochemical roles, but its natural deposition and the low solubility of phosphates as well as their rapid transformation to insoluble forms make the element commonly the growth-limiting nutrient, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. Famously, phosphorus that reaches water bodies is commonly the main cause of eutrophication. This undesirable process can severely affect many aquatic biotas in the world. More management practices are proposed but long-term monitoring of phosphorus level is necessary to ensure that the eutrophication won't occur. Passive sampling techniques, which have been developed over the last decades, could provide several advantages to the conventional sampling methods including simpler sampling devices, more cost-effective sampling campaign, providing flow proportional load as well as representative average of concentrations of phosphorus in the environment. Although some types of passive samplers are commercially available, their uses are still scarcely reported in the literature. In Japan, there is limited application of passive sampling technique to monitor phosphorus even in the field of agricultural environment. This paper aims to introduce the relatively new P-sampling techniques and their potential to use in environmental monitoring studies
Applications of passive sampling techniques in monitoring organic pollutants in the environment
As there are a myriad of micro organic pollutants that can affect the well-being of human and other organisms in the environment the need for an effective monitoring tool is eminent. Passive sampling techniques, which have been developed over the last decades, could provide several advantages to the conventional sampling methods including simpler sampling devices, more cost-effective sampling campaign, providing time-integrated load as well as representative average of concentrations of pollutants in the environment. Those techniques have been applied to monitor many pollutants caused by agricultural activities, i.e. residues of pesticides, veterinary drugs and so on. Several types of passive samplers are commercially available and their uses are widely accepted. However, not many applications of those techniques have been found in Japan, especially in the field of agricultural environment. This paper aims to introduce the field of passive sampling and then to describe some applications of passive sampling techniques in environmental monitoring studies related to the agriculture industry
Monitoring the levels of brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in passenger cars: utilisation of car air filters as active samplers
Filters in residential and office air conditioning (A/C) systems have been used as sampling devices for monitoring different pollutants. However, cabin air filters (CAFs) in the A/C system of passenger cars have not been utilised for this purpose. In this study, we collected 22 used CAFs from passenger cars in Hanoi, Vietnam to analyse for 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 10 organophosphate esters (OPEs). All the analytes were detected in more than 50% of samples with the exception of BDE153 and BDE154. The average concentrations of βOPEs and βBDEs in the captured dust were 2600 and 40 ng/g, respectively with Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and BDE209 as the dominant congener in OPE and BDE groups, respectively. CAFs are a potential tool to qualitatively assess the levels of semi-volatile chemicals in suspended dust in cars as a screening step for exposure assessment of those chemicals
HIV knowledge and risk behaviors among drug users in three Vietnamese mountainous provinces
Background: Globally, people who inject drugs are highly vulnerable to HIV transmission. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs are one of the most cost-effective mechanisms to substitute opioid use and improve the quality of life of patients. Since the coverage of MMT is still limited and even for those patients who are treated, improving their knowledge on HIV and maintaining healthy behaviors are key to maximizing the outcomes of HIV harm reduction programs. This study examined the knowledge on HIV, perceived risk and HIV testing among drug users accessing methadone maintenance services in three Vietnamese mountainous areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 300 people enrolling for MMT services in three provinces in Vietnam was conducted. The factors associated with the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of respondents about HIV/AIDS were exploited using multivariable logistic model. Results: Of the 300-people surveyed, 99% knew of HIV and 60.6% were identified as having good knowledge. While 75.2% identified that injecting drugs was a risk factor for HIV, 52.2% thought they were not at risk of HIV mainly as they did not share needles. 92.6% had undergone HIV testing with 17.4% being positive, a number which was significantly lower than Vietnam's national average for people who inject drugs. Age, ethnicity and education were associated with knowledge of HIV while ART treatment was linked to self-assessed HIV status. Conclusions: This study sheds new light on the knowledge attitudes and practices of people who inject drugs, particularly males in mountainous areas of Vietnam regarding HIV prevention. Overall, knowledge was good with most conducting safe practices towards transmission. Enhanced education and targeting of minority groups could help in increasing the numbers receiving MMT and HIV services.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe