REVITALIZE AND REPOSITION INDONESIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, THE LEGACY OF LAW

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/614Tulisan ini mencoba menggunakan pendekatan atau perspektif historis dalam upaya untuk mencari model yang asli untuk pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. Dengan pendekatan historis ditelusuri pelaksanaan administrasi publik yang bersumber dari adat istiadat Jawa, masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda dan Masa Republik pada tahun 1945. Pendekatan administrasi yang digunakan dalam adat istiadat Jawa adalah konsensus dan dekrit. Dalam pemerintahan Hindia Belanda terjadi penggabungan antara adat-istiadat dengan berbagai ketentuan yang dikembangkan oleh Belanda. Dalam era Republik terjadi tarik menarik antara peraturan yang bersifat positivisme dan romantisme. Model yang diajukan adalah adanya kombinasi antara adat, peraturan yang berlaku dalam masa kolonial dan peraturan yang dihasilkan dari penguasa yang ada sekarang ini

Modern Indonesian Administration: Collegial, Abdi-Dalem, Rational-, or Ideological- Bureaucratic?

Meskipun rezim Suharto telah Jatuh) selama lebih dari dua tahun dan Indonesia telah melaksanakan pemilu yang paling adil selama setengab abad usia kemerdekaan, namun tetap belum juga muncul hasil yang cukup berarti dalam reformasi di Indonesia. Tipe birokrasi Indonesia diduga telah menjadi factor penyebab kemandegan langkah reformasi ini. Tulisan ini mencoba mencari penjelasan mengenai sebab-sebab buruknya implementasi kebijakan dari akar kesejarahan yaitu dari keterbatasan-keterbatasan kelembagaan.Kata kunci : collegial, abdi dalem, rational bureau, ideological burea

Administrative Decentralization and Bureaucratic Reform ; India and Indonesia

The paper compares the broad outlines of decentralization taking place in India, dating from the last decade of the past century, with that of Indonesia in the first decades of the present one. When appropriate, material from China will be included in the essay. Of the usual subjects of political, administrative, and physical decentralization, the center of focus is on the generally acknowledged least successful in terms of reform, i.e. the civil administration. What the approach lacks in specific details concerning administrative decentralization in the respective republics, it makes up for in the emphasis on the key characteristics of each. Moreover, as public administration tends to reflect the individual countries’ prevailing norms, such an approach tends to be influenced by a new range of literature and researchers whose views challenge accepted wisdom and inspire new lines of thinking on the subject. Justification for the approach comes from expectations that cross fertilization can inspire ideas for a ‘new paradigm and conceptual framework’, ultimately leading to corrective action. The predominance of corruption/dysfunctional administrative behavior is explained by the fact that it draws upon an on-going project dealing with corruption in India and Indonesia, a joint venture of the Humanistic and Economics Faculties at Lund University. Represented by among others the author and Prof. Neelambar Hatti, the project has its origins in an earlier Lund-Parahyangan University project on Public Administration (1999-2006).   The paper opens by listing several of the more important contrasts between Indian, Indonesian, and Chinese decentralization. These include governmental structure, respective colonial heritage, and the focus of decentralization efforts. A short summary of the process of decentralization drawing upon the work of the Lund corruption project follows. The heart of the paper is the question of whether administrative decentralization furthers, hinders, or is neutral with regard to bureaucratic reform in theory and practice. Weighing up successes and failures leads to consideration of continued, if not higher, levels of corruption/dysfunctional behavior at all levels. Possible improvements are postulated, not surprisingly originating from the application of principles derived from New Public Management (NPM), with a couple of new wrinkles from India. These and other types of reform depend on general public engagement, which is conspicuous by its absence in Indonesia, especially in comparison with India’s recent mass demonstrations, hunger-strikes, and high-level public condemnation of  (mega) public corruption. Key words:Administrative decentralization, bureaucratic reform, comparative public administration, corruption, India, Indonesi

Modern Indonesian Administration: Collegial, Abdi-Dalem, Rational-, or Ideological- Bureaucratic?

Meskipun rezim Suharto telah Jatuh) selama lebih dari dua tahun dan Indonesia telah melaksanakan pemilu yang paling adil selama setengab abad usia kemerdekaan, namun tetap belum juga muncul hasil yang cukup berarti dalam reformasi di Indonesia. Tipe birokrasi Indonesia diduga telah menjadi factor penyebab kemandegan langkah reformasi ini. Tulisan ini mencoba mencari penjelasan mengenai sebab-sebab buruknya implementasi kebijakan dari akar kesejarahan yaitu dari keterbatasan-keterbatasan kelembagaan

Revitalize and Reposition Indonesian Public Administration, the Legacy of Law

Tulisan ini mencoba menggunakan pendekatan atau perspektif historis dalam upaya untuk mencari model yang asli untuk pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. Dengan pendekatan historis ditelusuri pelaksanaan administrasi publik yang bersumber dari adat istiadat Jawa, masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda dan Masa Republik pada tahun 1945. Pendekatan administrasi yang digunakan dalam adat istiadat Jawa adalah konsensus dan dekrit. Dalam pemerintahan Hindia Belanda terjadi penggabungan antara adat-istiadat dengan berbagai ketentuan yang dikembangkan oleh Belanda. Dalam era Republik terjadi tarik menarik antara peraturan yang bersifat positivisme dan romantisme. Model yang diajukan adalah adanya kombinasi antara adat, peraturan yang berlaku dalam masa kolonial dan peraturan yang dihasilkan dari penguasa yang ada sekarang ini

Customers’ savings rate and share of wallet: the moderating role of religion and ethnicity/immigrant generation vis-à-vis attitude as mediator

© 2016, © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This study explores the role of attitude toward money, religion and ethnicity in the relationship between income and consumer behavior. The three-country (Australia, Canada and China) study sampled 755 consumers and uses structural equation modeling and multivariate analysis to test for mediating effects of attitude toward money and moderating effects of religion and ethnicity/immigrant generation. Religion is found to be a moderating variable for savings rate and share of wallet, while ethnicity/immigrant generation only moderates the association between income and savings rate. We also demonstrate the interaction effects of religion and ethnicity/immigrant generation with income as determinants of savings rate and share of wallet. This research provides the foundation for modeling savings rate and share of wallet, incorporating attitude, religion, and ethnicity/immigrant generation, as well as income, demonstrating the need to include other factors (i.e. demographic factors in addition to attitudinal/satisfaction measures) to better identify, understand and strategically target consumer segments with potential for profitability and growth

Competitiveness and workforce performance: Asia vis-à-vis the “West”

© 2016, © Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Purpose: The purpose of this eight-country study is to examine what drives performance at the individual worker’s level and compare the explanatory power of such drivers between emerging, newly developed and developed markets around the globe. Design/methodology/approach: The study combines established behavioural theory developed in a Western context with three factors anticipated to be most relevant in Asia (competitive attitude, willingness to serve and speed) as drivers of workforce performance. Four thousand working and middle-class respondents from eight countries were sampled. The associations were tested using structural equation modelling, and workforce performance was measured using univariate analysis. Findings: Three country clusters emerged from the research: emerging economies in Asia (Indonesia, India), where the three factors powerfully explain performance; “Confucian orbit countries” (China, Japan, Korea), where the factors explain 81-93 per cent; and highly developed Western countries (the USA, the UK, Germany), where the factors account for only 20-29 per cent. Practical implications: As well as providing a framework for modelling workforce performance, particularly in Asian countries, the findings indicate that workforce performance should be incorporated in performance indexes. The findings as to which drivers best explain workforce performance in each county can inform workforce recruitment and management, as well as the location of businesses and outsourcing. Originality/value: For the first time, the study addresses the anomaly between economic growth and development experienced by Asian countries and their relatively low rankings in global competitiveness indexes by making the link between workforce performance and country performance

Regional Strucutal Cross Sections, Mid-Permian to Quaternary Strata, Texas Panhandle and Eastern New Mexico

The Palo Duro and Dalhart Basins of the Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico contain bedded Permian salts of sufficient thickness and depth to be considered potential sites for long-term storage and isolation of high-level nuclear waste. Salt (primarily halite) is a desirable host rock because of its low permeability, high thermal conductivity, low moisture content, and high gamma-ray shielding properties (Johnson, 1976b). A major concern that must be addressed if nuclear waste is to be stored in the Texas Panhandle is the long-term integrity of the bedded-salt host rock. Areas where salt has been removed by dissolution have been identified beneath the Southern High Plains, along the eastern and western escarpments of the Southern High Plains, and along the Canadian River valley (Gustavson and others, 1980b; Presley, 1980a, 1980b). Region I cross sections of mid-Permian to Quaternary strata in the Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico illustrate lithologic and structural relations that are interpreted to have resulted from the regional dissolution of salt and the collapse of overlying strata. The cross sections were constructed using gamma-ray logs, sample logs, and surface geologic maps (Handford, 1980a; McGillis, 1980). Gamma-ray logs are shown on the cross sections because they best demonstrate variations in evaporite strata. Figure 1 is an index map depicting the locations of the cross sections. Stratigraphic nomenclature used on the cross sections is given in table 1.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Genetic determinants of the molecular portraits of epithelial cancers

The ability to characterize and predict tumor phenotypes is crucial to precision medicine. In this study, we present an integrative computational approach using a genome-wide association analysis and an Elastic Net prediction method to analyze the relationship between DNA copy number alterations and an archive of gene expression signatures. Across breast cancers, we are able to quantitatively predict many gene signatures levels within individual tumors with high accuracy based upon DNA copy number features alone, including proliferation status and Estrogen-signaling pathway activity. We can also predict many other key phenotypes, including intrinsic molecular subtypes, estrogen receptor status, and TP53 mutation. This approach is also applied to TCGA Pan-Cancer, which identify repeatedly predictable signatures across tumor types including immune features in lung squamous and basal-like breast cancers. These Elastic Net DNA predictors could also be called from DNA-based gene panels, thus facilitating their use as biomarkers to guide therapeutic decision making

Joint and individual analysis of breast cancer histologic images and genomic covariates

A key challenge in modern data analysis is understanding connections between complex and differing modalities of data. For example, two of the main approaches to the study of breast cancer are histopathology (analyzing visual characteristics of tumors) and genetics. While histopathology is the gold standard for diagnostics and there have been many recent breakthroughs in genetics, there is little overlap between these two fields. We aim to bridge this gap by developing methods based on Angle-based Joint and Individual Variation Explained (AJIVE) to directly explore similarities and differences between these two modalities. Our approach exploits Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) as a powerful, automatic method for image feature extraction to address some of the challenges presented by statistical analysis of histopathology image data. CNNs raise issues of interpretability that we address by developing novel methods to explore visual modes of variation captured by statistical algorithms (e.g. PCA or AJIVE) applied to CNN features. Our results provide many interpretable connections and contrasts between histopathology and genetics