Quantum Melting of Charge Order due to Frustration in Two-Dimensional Quarter-Filled Systems

The effect of geometrical frustration in a two-dimensional 1/4-filled strongly correlated electron system is studied theoretically, motivated by layered organic molecular crystals. An extended Hubbard model on the square lattice is considered, with competing nearest neighbor Coulomb interaction, V, and that of next-nearest neighbor along one of the diagonals, V', which favor different charge ordered states. Based on exact diagonalization calculations, we find a metallic phase stabilized over a broad window at V' ~ V even for large Coulomb repulsion strengths as a result of frustrating the charge ordered states. Slightly modifying the lattice geometry relevant to the actual organic compounds does not alter the results, suggesting that this `quantum melting' of charge order is a robust feature of frustrated strongly correlated 1/4-filled systems.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.

Development of Track Condition Monitoring System Using Onboard Sensing Device

Monitoring the conditions of railway tracks is essential for ensuring the railway safety. In-service vehicles equipped with sensors and GPS systems can act as probes to detect and analyse real-time vehicle vibration. Recently, a compact on-board sensing device has been developed. This chapter describes the track condition monitoring system that uses a compact on-board sensing device and diagnosis software. The diagnosis software provides the function of detecting track faults using the root mean square (RMS) of the car-body acceleration. It also allows analysis in the time-frequency domain using wavelet transform. A monitoring experiment in a local railway line showed that the system is effective for practical application

The Effects of Molybdenum, Wolfram and Copper on the Solubility of Graphite in Liquid Iron and a Method for Calculation of the Activity Coefficient of Carbon in Multicomponent Alloys

The effects of molybdenum, wolfram and copper on the solubility of graphite in liquid iron have been studied at 1550°C. Interaction parameters at graphite saturation are given as follows : A general approximate equation for calculating the activity coefficient of carbon in a multicomponent alloy can be given as follows : The validity of this equation was discussed by using the present data. Interaction parameters for infinitely dilute and graphite saturated solutions were compared and discussed

Skeletal open bite with amelogenesis imperfecta treated with compression osteogenesis : a case report

Background: We successfully treated a 37-year-old male who had skeletal open bite with severe amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) with orthodontics, compression osteogenesis, and prosthodontics. Case presentation: The patient was diagnosed with severe anterior open bite caused by severe AI. Corticotomy was performed on both buccal and palatal sides of the molar regions, and anchor plates were placed onto the bilateral zygomatic buttress and the center of the hard palate. After corticotomy, posterior maxillary segments were moved 3.5 mm superiorly to correct skeletal open bite with elastic chains. After 8-month, overbite had decreased by 2.0 mm. After further 5 months of prosthodontic preparation, orthodontic appliances were removed, and provisional crowns were set on all teeth. The anterior open bite was corrected, and ideal occlusion with a Class I molar relationship was achieved. The upper first molars were intruded 3.5 mm, resulting in 3.0o counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible. The total active treatment period was 16 months. Acceptable occlusion with a good facial profile was well maintained throughout the 8-year retention period. Conclusions: Our results indicate long-term stability after interdisciplinary treatment combining orthodontics, oral surgery, and prosthodontics in a patient with severe anterior open bite and AI

Measurement of the Seebeck coefficient under high pressure by dual heating

This study presents a new method for measuring the Seebeck coefficient under high pressure in a multi-anvil apparatus. The application of a dual-heating system enables precise control of the temperature difference between both ends of the sample in a high-pressure environment. Two pairs of W–Re thermocouples were employed at both ends of the sample to monitor and control the temperature difference, and independent probes were arranged to monitor the electromotive force (emf) produced by temperature oscillation at a given target temperature. The temperature difference was controlled within 1 K during the resistivity measurements to eliminate the influence of the emf owing to a sample temperature gradient. The Seebeck measurement was successfully measured from room temperature to 1400 K and was obtained by averaging the two measured values with opposite thermal gradient directions (∼20 K). Thermoelectric properties were measured on disk-shaped p-type Si wafers with two different carrier concentrations as a reference for high Seebeck coefficients. This method is effective to determine the thermoelectric power of materials under pressure

Multi-command Tactile Brain Computer Interface: A Feasibility Study

The study presented explores the extent to which tactile stimuli delivered to the ten digits of a BCI-naive subject can serve as a platform for a brain computer interface (BCI) that could be used in an interactive application such as robotic vehicle operation. The ten fingertips are used to evoke somatosensory brain responses, thus defining a tactile brain computer interface (tBCI). Experimental results on subjects performing online (real-time) tBCI, using stimuli with a moderately fast inter-stimulus-interval (ISI), provide a validation of the tBCI prototype, while the feasibility of the concept is illuminated through information-transfer rates obtained through the case study.Comment: Haptic and Audio Interaction Design 2013, Daejeon, Korea, April 18-19, 2013, 15 pages, 4 figures, The final publication will be available at link.springer.co

Circuit formation and sensory perception in the mouse olfactory system

In the mouse olfactory system, odor information is converted to a topographic map of activated glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB). Although the arrangement of glomeruli is genetically determined, the glomerular structure is plastic and can be modified by environmental stimuli. If the pups are exposed to a particular odorant, responding glomeruli become larger recruiting the dendrites of connecting projection neurons and interneurons. This imprinting not only increases the sensitivity to the exposed odor, but also imposes the positive quality on imprinted memory. External odor information represented as an odor map in the OB is transmitted to the olfactory cortex (OC) and amygdala for decision making to elicit emotional and behavioral outputs using two distinct neural pathways, innate and learned. Innate olfactory circuits start to work right after birth, whereas learned circuits become functional later on. In this paper, the recent progress will be summarized in the study of olfactory circuit formation and odor perception in mice. We will also propose new hypotheses on the timing and gating of olfactory circuit activity in relation to the respiration cycle