Souvenirs: How They May Be or May Not Be Understood

This paper is based on a keynote lecture given by Michael Hitchcock, Emeritus Professor, Institutefor Creative and Cultural Entrepreneurship at Goldsmiths, University of London, UnitedKingdom at the Souvenirs 2021 conference.This paper is based on a keynote lecture given by Michael Hitchcock, Emeritus Professor, Institute for Creative and Cultural Entrepreneurship at Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom at the Souvenirs 2021 conference

Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency: Applying the Takings Ripeness Rule to Land Use Regulations and Transferable Development Rights

This note sets forth the facts and procedural history of Suitum. The background of ripeness in the context of government regulation of land use and constitutional takings claims is examined in Section III. The major area of inquiry is the evolution and application of the Williamson County two hurdle, final decision and state procedures, ripeness test. The analysis of both the Ninth Circuit opinion and the reversing United States Supreme Court opinion are presented in Section IV. Section V evaluates the differing positions of the Ninth Circuit and the Supreme Court regarding the application of the ripeness test to TDRs. The district court\u27s likely approaches to applying the state procedures test in Suitum on remand are then discussed, with the conclusion that Suitum will meet the state procedures test for ripeness. Suitum will undoubtedly make its way back to the Ninth Circuit and possibly the Supreme Court on the takings issue, and this section also examines the issue of whether TDRs are a property use or merely a compensation for a taking, as raised in Justice Scalia\u27s concurrence. Section VI concludes that there is ample precedent and evidence in Suitum to hold that that the TDRs are a property right

Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency: Applying the Takings Ripeness Rule to Land Use Regulations and Transferable Development Rights

This note sets forth the facts and procedural history of Suitum. The background of ripeness in the context of government regulation of land use and constitutional takings claims is examined in Section III. The major area of inquiry is the evolution and application of the Williamson County two hurdle, final decision and state procedures, ripeness test. The analysis of both the Ninth Circuit opinion and the reversing United States Supreme Court opinion are presented in Section IV. Section V evaluates the differing positions of the Ninth Circuit and the Supreme Court regarding the application of the ripeness test to TDRs. The district court\u27s likely approaches to applying the state procedures test in Suitum on remand are then discussed, with the conclusion that Suitum will meet the state procedures test for ripeness. Suitum will undoubtedly make its way back to the Ninth Circuit and possibly the Supreme Court on the takings issue, and this section also examines the issue of whether TDRs are a property use or merely a compensation for a taking, as raised in Justice Scalia\u27s concurrence. Section VI concludes that there is ample precedent and evidence in Suitum to hold that that the TDRs are a property right

Sustainability and Authenticity of Chinese Traditional Crafts in the Contexts of Luxury and Tourism

Chinese crafts have been examined from economic, historical and aesthetic perspectives, but rather less attention has been devoted to them in the literature on luxury and tourism. When considering the former, it is worth noting that some of the world’s leading brands had their origins in craft businesses, notably Louis Vuitton, and that craft skills remain important for this industry in the 21st century. On the other hand, there is a common assumption that craft souvenirs represent a cheap and debased version of human material culture but, as many academics have asserted souvenirs come in a wide variety of forms, including what Graburn (2000) has called ‘pride goods’, in which peoples visited by tourists sell products that are simultaneously economically useful and boosters of esteem on behalf of the producing community. It is with these thoughts in mind that we turn our attention to the production of Chinese craft products in the early 21st century. As one of the leading handicraft producers in the world, the expanding demand for Chinese craft products has generated commercial opportunities and strong economic returns, it has also created challenges to the Chinese traditional crafts sector which may influence the direction and sustainability of its future development, and as such is worthy of deeper investigation and discussion

Lusophone Gastrodiplomacy and Tourism: Macau and the BRICS

Given its history, Macau’s significance as a gateway between China and the Lusophone countries remains undiminished in the 21st century, and, underpinned by gastrodiplomacy and tourism, appears to becoming even more important in this respect. Gastronomy is an intrinsic element of Macau’s cultural identity and an important differentiation factor for its tourism industry. It also has the potential to be a key participant in the BRICS network through gastrodiplomacy and as a focus of cultural and culinary exchange

Should patients receive 23-valent pneumococcal vaccination more than once?

No patient-oriented evidence supports pneumococcal revaccination of any patient (high-risk or otherwise). Antibody levels may be augmented by revaccination; however, the clinical efficacy of revaccination, even among high-risk patients, is unknown. Revaccination is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in certain circumstances. (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, expert opinion based on physiology/bench research). Revaccination once appears to be safe, especially if provided 5 years or more after primary vaccination (SOR: B, based upon consistent results of cohort studies and nonrandomized prospective trials)