“Punishment is all the charity that the law affordeth them”: penal transportation, vagrancy, and the charitable impulse in the British Atlantic, c.1600-1750

This article examines the policy of penal transportation to the colonies which underpinned the first British empire in the Atlantic. It argues that the transportation and indenture of the criminal poor came to be justified by empire’s architects as a charitable reprieve from a life course of decaying indigence and idleness. “Charity” of this nature serviced the needs of the British imperial state and its elites, particularly the need for the malleable biopower of indentured labor, but also the demand for increasingly rigorous carceral control. Transportation also created a clear distinction between the poor so reprieved and those still deserving of traditional relief at home. The article names these justifying discourses of judicial punishment-as-charity as ‘welfare colonialism’. We might view this regime as an early forerunner of the terrible paternalisms of “philanthrocapitalism”, and its operation as fundamental to the first British “Empire of Charity”

'He is the vagabond that hath no habitation in the Lord' the representation of Quakers as vagrants in interregnum England, 1650-1660

This article examines the printed representation, and prosecutorial characterisation, of the movements, actions and motivations of early Quakers as vagrant. It argues that the prevalence and power of representing (and subsequently treating) early Quakers as vagrants is an understudied aspect of the social and cultural history of the Society of Friends, particularly in Interregnum England. As evidence, it interrogates a furious pamphlet debate between mid-century religious writers and preachers, who devoted much time and ink to painting Quakers as mendacious vagabonds, and Quaker ‘First Publishers’, who responded at length and in a striking way to these accusations. The article concludes that these images of Quakerism as a form of ‘spiritual vagrancy’ created historically significant echoes in English and Atlantic culture

Statistical decision problems in large scale biological experiments Final report

Statistical decision theory applied to problems associated with Martian biological exploration progra

Continuation of studies in statistical decision theory in large scale biological experiments Final report, 1 May 1965 - 31 Jul. 1966

Statistical decision theory applied to Martian atmosphere analysis, life detection experiments, and gas chromatogram measurements of n-alkane distributions in material

Martian atmospheric compositional analysis- its biological significance first quarterly progress report, 15 may - 15 aug. 1965

Biological significance of Martian atmospheric compositional analysis, and life detection studies of chemical free energy in surface matte

Crossword Puzzle Letter Frequencies

In 500 crossword puzzles syndicated by the Newspaper Enterprise Association, and published in the Laramie Daily Boomerang six days a week between October 24, 1976 and June 11, 1978 (about 20 consecutive months), the number of times each letter of the alphabet was used was tabulated. The statistical results are summarized in the table on the next page, and discussed in more detail below

Musica in Tempore Belli: An Analysis of “Black Angels”

Described as “…extraordinarily haunting” and “[the] intoxicating magic of…sound,”(Steinitz, 1978) the music of George Crumb is some of the most evocative and expressive music of the 20th century. His extensive use of extended techniques (many of which he pioneered) is in part what makes his music so memorable. Also known for its liberal use of theatricality, Crumb’s music has become a standard of the 20th century, as well as in the contemporary music canon overall. “Black Angels” for Electric String Quartet, subtitled “Thirteen Images from the Dark Land” was written as a response to the Vietnam War and is one of Crumb’s best known and respected pieces. This paper will examine the compositional approach taken in “Black Angels,” as well as analyze the musical and harmonic structure governing the piece