Table 3: List of excluded Tetramorium

With 600 described species, the ant genus Tetramorium represents one of the most species-rich ant radiations. However, much work remains to fully document the hyperdiversity of this remarkable group. Tetramorium, while globally distributed, is thought to have originated in the Afrotropics and is particularly diverse in the Old World. Here, we focus attention on the Tetramorium fauna of India, a region of high biodiversity value and interest for conservation. We overview Tetramorium diversity in India by providing a species list, accounts of all species groups present, an illustrated identification key to Indian Tetramorium species groups and notes on the Indian Tetramorium fauna. Further, we describe two new species, Tetramorium krishnani sp. n. and Tetramorium jarawa sp. n. from the Andaman Islands archipelago and embed them into currently recognized Tetramorium tonganum and Tetramorium inglebyi species groups. We also provide illustrated species level keys for these groups. Along with detailed species descriptions and high-resolution montage images of types, we provide 3D cybertypes of the new species derived from X-ray micro-computed tomography

Anàlisi del disseny i l’ús dels espais urbans des d’una perspectiva de gènere al barri de les Escodines de Manresa

Treballs Finals del Grau de Sociologia, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2017-2018 , Tutor: Clara Camps(cat) Les ciutats parlen, les ciutats s’interpreten. Les ciutats estan dotades d’elements simbòlics i de significats propis que, lluny de ser neutres, expressen i comuniquen un llenguatge en sí mateixes. En aquest procés interactiu entre subjecte i ciutat, l’espai urbà contribueix en construir identitats individuals i col·lectives. Si bé l’espai urbà és el producte de la ideació i de l’acció humana, la seva configuració està i, ha estat condicionada, per l’estructura social i per processos històrics i socials. El comportament estructural de les societats capitalistes i l’ordre patriarcal han reforçat el binarisme entre púbic i privat, entre treball productiu i reproductiu, i han assignat a les dones un paper secundari en l’ordre societari. L’organització urbana és, doncs, el reflex de l’hegemonia androcèntrica i d’un espai que produeix i reprodueix les relacions desiguals de gènere. L’escàs reconeixement de la diversitat i de la complexitat de la realitat social es materialitza en el present treball d’investigació, que es centra en analitzar les condicions i les limitacions que el disseny i l’ús dels espais urbans generen entorn a l’accés, a l’acció i a la participació ciutadana a l’espai públic amb perspectiva de gènere. La recerca s’ha portat a terme al barri de les Escodines de Manresa, on el diàleg permanent entre la dimensió física i social constitueix la gènesi d’aquest estudi de cas.(eng) Cities speak, cities are interpreted. Cities are endowed with symbolic elements and with their own meanings that, far from being neutral, express and communicate a language by themselves. In this interactive process between the subject and the city, urban space contributes to building individual and collective identities. Although urban space is the product of human ideation, its configuration is, and has been, conditioned by social structures and by historical and social processes. The structural behavior of capitalist societies and the patriarchal order have reinforced the binarism between the public and the private, between productive and reproductive work, and have assigned to women a secondary role in the social order. Urban organization, then, is the reflection of androcentric hegemony and a space that produces and reproduces uneven gender relations. The scarce recognition of diversity and the complexity of social reality are issues covered by this research, which focuses on analyzing, with a gender perspective, the conditions and limitations that the design and use of urban spaces generate on the access, action and citizenship participation in the public space. This research has been carried out in the district of the Escodines, Manresa, where the permanent dialogue between the physical and social dimension constitutes the genesis of this case study

Review of the Arabian Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), synoptic list, distribution, and description of two new species from Oman and Saudi Arabia

The genus Crematogaster is one of the most species-rich and widespread groups of ants. Despite their often-high local abundance and important ecological interactions, the taxonomy of the genus is fragmentary and in great need of modern revisionary studies. As a first step towards a revision for the Arabian fauna of Crematogaster, a review of all known species with synoptic species accounts is provided. Seventeen species are recognized and illustrated from the Arabian Peninsula, of which two new species are described: C. jacindae Sharaf & Hita Garcia, sp. nov. from the Dhofar Governorate, Oman, and C. gryllsi Sharaf & Hita Garcia, sp. nov. from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) based on the worker caste. Crematogaster jacindae sp. nov. is easily separated from the remainder of the Arabian Crematogaster fauna due to its complete lack of propodeal spines, slit-shaped propodeal spiracles, and its distinct bicoloration, whereas C. gryllsi sp. nov. is readily distinguished by its unlobed postpetiolar dorsum. Furthermore, new country records are presented: C. acaciae Forel for the KSA and Yemen, and C. delagoensis Forel and C. jehovae Forel for the KSAC. antaris for Qatar, whereas C. luctans Forel is excluded from the Arabian fauna. In addition, on the basis of morphological examination of original type material, C. affabilis Forel is proposed as junior synonym of C. chiarinii Mayr, and C. striaticeps is elevated to species rank stat. nov. Furthermore, a new identification key for the Arabian species is provided, as well as distribution maps for all species

A New Ant Species of the Genus Tetramorium Mayr, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia, with a Revised Key to the Arabian Species

Tetramorium amalae sp. n. is described and illustrated from Saudi Arabia based on two worker caste specimens collected in Al Bahah region. The new species belongs to the T. shilohense group and appears to be closely related to T. dysderke Bolton from Nigeria. T. amalae is distinguished by having well-developed frontal carinae, smaller eyes, greater head length and width, greater pronotal width, and the petiole node is longer than broad. Tetramorium latinode Collingwood & Agosti is recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia and for only the second time since the original description. The worker caste of T. latinode is redescribed and illustrated using scanning electron micrographs to facilitate recognition and the gyne is described for the first time with observations given on species relationships, biology and habitat. A revised key to the nineteen Tetramorium species recorded from Arabian Peninsula based on worker castes is provided. Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander) is recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia. It is suggested that T. amalae and T. latinode are endemic to the Arabian Peninsula

Taxonomic review of the ant genus Lordomyrma Emery, 1897 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China, with description of two new species and an identification key to the known species of the world

China is a large country encompassing a wide range of climate zones and bioregions, and hosting several of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. However, even though the country possesses such rich biota, many taxa still remain to be discovered and formally described. In this study we review the myrmicine ant genus Lordomyrma Emery, 1897 from China. We recognize four species for the country, of which we describe two as new: L. bhutanensis (Baroni Urbani, 1977), L. idianale Taylor, 2012, L. jingpo sp. nov., and L. nima sp. nov. In addition, we propose L. sinensis (Ma et al., 2007) syn. nov. as a junior synonym of L. bhutanensis. These nomenclatorial acts raise the global count for the genus to 35 species. Both new species, Lordomyrma jingpo sp. nov. and Lordomyrma nima sp. nov. as well as the queen of L. bhutanensis, which is described for the first time, were collected in Southwestern China. Furthermore, in order to facilitate identification within the genus, we provide an updated key to known species of Lordomyrma in the world

Taxonomic overview of the hyperdiverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in India with descriptions and X-ray microtomography of two new species from the Andaman Islands

With 600 described species, the ant genus Tetramorium represents one of the most species-rich ant radiations. However, much work remains to fully document the hyperdiversity of this remarkable group. Tetramorium, while globally distributed, is thought to have originated in the Afrotropics and is particularly diverse in the Old World. Here, we focus attention on the Tetramorium fauna of India, a region of high biodiversity value and interest for conservation. We overview Tetramorium diversity in India by providing a species list, accounts of all species groups present, an illustrated identification key to Indian Tetramorium species groups and notes on the Indian Tetramorium fauna. Further, we describe two new species, Tetramorium krishnani sp. n. and Tetramorium jarawa sp. n. from the Andaman Islands archipelago and embed them into currently recognized Tetramorium tonganum and Tetramorium inglebyi species groups. We also provide illustrated species level keys for these groups. Along with detailed species descriptions and high-resolution montage images of types, we provide 3D cybertypes of the new species derived from X-ray micro-computed tomography

Taxonomy of Arabian Temnothorax Mayr (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) with description of a new species enhanced by x-ray microtomography

Temnothorax elmenshawyi sp. n., a new ant species from the Asir Mountains of the southwestern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is described based on the worker caste. The new species is a member of the T. exilis species group and is distinguished from the other species included in this group by the impressed metanotal groove, the short, acute and broadly-based propodeal spines, the finely punctate posterior half of cephalic surface, and absence of a median clypeal carina. Despite extensive collecting by the authors at the type locality, only two specimens are available for description, suggesting that this species may be rare and likely endemic to the Asir Mountains. The species description is complemented by still images of volume renderings of a 3D model and a 3D rotation video of the holotype based on x-ray microtomography (micro-CT), allowing remote in-depth examination of the specimen. The virtual micro-CT data is provided as cybertype dataset and freely available online https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4gg39k6, as well as 3D surface model (Sketchfab.com, https://skfb.ly/6HYRz). An updated identification key to the Arabian species is presented.journal articl

Wonderfully weird: the head anatomy of the armadillo ant, Tatuidris tatusia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Agroecomyrmecinae), with evolutionary implications

Tatuidris tatusia Brown & Kempf, 1968, the armadillo ant, is a morphologically unique species found in low to high elevation forests in regions of Central and South America. It is one of only two extant representatives of the subfamily Agroecomyrmecinae, and very little is known about the biology of these ants, which are almost exclusively collected from leaf litter and have rarely been seen alive. Here, we illuminate the functional morphology and evolution of this species via detailed anatomical documentation of their exceptionally modified head. We describe and illustrate the skeletomuscular system, digestive tract, and cephalic glands based on high-resolution micro-computed tomography scan data. We hypothesize that the modifications which produce the unusual “shield-like” head shape are the result of complex optimizations for mandibular power, physical protection, and balance. The most conspicuous cephalic features are the broadening of the frontal region and foreshortening of the postgenal region. The former characteristic is likely also associated with the lateral position of the antennal scrobe, the inverted antennal articulation, and the broad attachment surface for the mandibular adductor muscles. This head geometry also comes with a degree of internal restructuring of the tentorium and the antennal musculature, which have a unique configuration among ants studied so far. The mandibular blades, and their articulations and muscles, are highly distinctive compared with previously evaluated species. Using a 3D-printed model, we were able to hypothesize their entire range of motion as the mandibles fit tightly into the oral foramen. Finally, we compare T. tatusia across other related subfamilies and discuss the evolution of the Agroecomyrmecinae and other species-poor and phylogenetically isolated “relictual” lineages.journal articl

Taxonomy of the ant genus Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region with a revision of the P. arnoldi clade and description of four new species

The taxonomy of the genus Proceratium Roger is updated for the Afrotropical region. We give an overview of the genus in the region, provide an illustrated identification key to the three clades (P. arnoldi, P. stictum and P. toschii clades) and revise the P. arnoldi clade. Four new species from the P. arnoldi clade are described as new: P. sokoke sp. n. from Kenya, P. carri sp. n. from Mozambique, and P. nilo sp. n. and P. sali sp. n. from Tanzania. In order to integrate the new species into the existing taxonomic system we present an illustrated identification key to distinguish the seven Afrotropical species of the P. arnoldi clade. In addition, we provide accounts for all members of the P. arnoldi clade including detailed descriptions, diagnoses, taxonomic discussions, distribution data and high quality montage images.GDA was financially supported by the E.O. Wilson Foundation and Carr Foundation. FHG wants to thank Marcell Peters (University of Würzburg, Germany), the BIOTA East Africa project funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). FHG was granted two Ernst Mayr Travel Grants in Animal Systematics from the MCZ to visit the collections at BMNH and MCZ. The surveys during which the P. nilo and P. sali specimens were collected formed part of a project run by PGH investigating ground-living ant and beetle diversity in Tanzania, funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF).http://www.pensoft.netam201

Parallel and divergent morphological adaptations underlying the evolution of jumping ability in ants

Jumping is a rapid locomotory mode widespread in terrestrial organisms. However, it is a rare specialization in ants. Forward jumping has been reported within four distantly related ant genera: Gigantiops, Harpegnathos, Myrmecia, and Odontomachus. The temporal engagement of legs/body parts during jump, however, varies across these genera. It is unknown what morphological adaptations underlie such behaviors and whether jumping in ants is solely driven directly by muscle contraction or additionally relies on elastic recoil mechanism. We investigated the morphological adaptations for jumping behavior by comparing differences in the locomotory musculature between jumping and non-jumping relatives using X-ray micro-CT and 3D morphometrics. We found that the size-specific volumes of the trochanter depressor muscle (scm6) of the middle and hind legs are 3-5 times larger in jumping ants, and that one coxal remotor muscle (scm2) is reduced in volume in the middle and/or hind legs. Notably, the enlargement in the volume of other muscle groups is directly linked to the legs or body parts engaged during the jump. Furthermore, a direct comparison of the muscle architecture revealed two significant differences between jumping vs. non-jumping ants: First, the relative Physiological Cross-Sectional Area (PCSA) of the trochanter depressor muscles of all three legs were larger in jumping ants, except in the front legs of Odontomachus rixosus and Myrmecia nigrocincta; second, the relative muscle fiber length was shorter in jumping ants compared to non-jumping counterparts, except in the front legs of O. rixosus and M. nigrocincta. These results suggest that the difference in relative muscle volume in jumping ants is largely invested in the area (PCSA), and not in fiber length. There was no clear difference in the pennation angle between jumping and non-jumping ants. Additionally, we report that the hind leg length relative to body length was longer in jumping ants. Based on direct comparison of the observed vs. possible work and power output during jumps, we surmise that direct muscle contractions suffice to explain jumping performance in three species, except for O. rixosus, where the lack of data on jumping performance prevents us from drawing definitive conclusions for this particular species. We suggest that increased investment in jumping-relevant musculature is a primary morphological adaptation that separates jumping from non-jumping ants. These results elucidate the common and idiosyncratic morphological changes underlying this rare adaptation in ants. まとぅみ (Okinawan language-Uchinaaguchi) (Japanese) РЕЗЮМЕ (Kazakh) ZUSAMMENFASSUNG (German)